@prefix : <https://www.librorum.fr/ontology/> .
@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .
@prefix co: <http://purl.org/co/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix dul: <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#> .
@prefix fabio: <http://purl.org/spar/fabio/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix gold: <http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/> .
@prefix hcio: <https://nemo.inf.ufes.br/HCIO/hcio#> .
@prefix obo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix unit: <http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/> .
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/> .
@prefix wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

hcio:presents rdfs:subPropertyOf :presents .

: a owl:Ontology ;
    dcterms:creator :yannis ;
    dcterms:description "An ontology of the book: linguistic, digital-content, digital-form, material and observable regions, with their carriers and conventions. Shapes are not included in this release."@en ;
    dcterms:hasVersion "0.6.14" ;
    dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
    dcterms:modified "2026-10-28"^^xsd:date ;
    dcterms:publisher :yannis ;
    dcterms:source "Aarseth, Espen J. Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.",
        "Borsuk, Amaranth. The Book. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2018.",
        "Ciccarese, Paolo, and Silvio Peroni. The Collections Ontology: Creating and Handling Collections in OWL 2 DL Frameworks. Semantic Web 5, no. 6 (2014): 515–529. DOI 10.3233/SW-130121. [related ontology — collections/membership; skos:closeMatch target for :hasMember]",
        "Genette, Gérard. Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation. Trans. J. E. Lewin. Cambridge: CUP, 1997.",
        "Haentjens Dekker, Ronald, and David J. Birnbaum. It's more than just overlap: Text As Graph. Balisage 2017. DOI 10.4242/BalisageVol19.Dekker01.",
        "Haralambous, Yannis, and Martin Dürst. Unicode from a Linguistic Point of View. In Graphemics in the 21st Century (Grapholinguistics and Its Applications 1), 127–166. Brest: Fluxus Editions, 2019. DOI 10.36824/2018-graf-hara1.",
        "IFLA Study Group. Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. 2009.",
        "Knuth, Donald E. The METAFONTbook. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1986.",
        "Meletis, Dimitrios, and Christa Dürscheid. Writing Systems and Their Use. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2022.",
        "Meletis, Dimitrios. The Nature of Writing: A Theory of Grapholinguistics. Brest: Fluxus Editions, 2020.",
        "Monella, Paolo. Intorno all'ontologia POGO (Philology-Oriented Graphematics Ontology). In Multiforme ingenium, 215–235. Milano: EDUCatt, 2026. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.18411037. [related ontology — graphematics for diplomatic transcription]",
        "Neuber, Frederike. typoo: an ontology to describe microtypography. 2020. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.6395670. [related ontology — microtypography description]",
        "Pierazzo, Elena. Digital Scholarly Editing: Theories, Models and Methods. Farnham: Ashgate, 2015.",
        "Rubery, Matthew. The Untold Story of the Talking Book. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016.",
        "Spadini, E., F. Tomasi, and G. Vogeler, eds. Graph Data-Models and Semantic Web Technologies in Scholarly Digital Editing. Norderstedt: BoD, 2021.",
        "Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., and Claus Huitfeldt. GODDAG: A Data Structure for Overlapping Hierarchies. In Digital Documents (PODDP 2000), LNCS 2023, 139–160. Springer, 2004.",
        "Spitzmüller, Jürgen. Graphische Variation als soziale Praxis. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2013.",
        "The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017, ch. 1." ;
    dcterms:title "The LIBRORUM Ontology"@en ;
    vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "librorum" ;
    vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://www.librorum.fr/ontology/" ;
    rdfs:comment """Regions (v0.6): the book as read -- linguistic book,
observable book; the book as produced -- digital-content and digital-form
books (inside the computer), material-content and material-form books
(pre-digital production: hot metal, analogue sound); plus carriers,
conventions and the transversal generated book. External backbones:
FaBiO (FRBR), HCIO, QUDT, BIBO, FOAF."""@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso <https://essepuntato.it/lode/> ;
    owl:versionIRI <https://www.librorum.fr/ontology/0.6.14/> ;
    owl:versionInfo "0.6.14" .

:AIDisclosureElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "AI disclosure statement"@en,
        "mention de génération par IA"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act), Art. 50 (transparency obligations); editorial (v0.3)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "A peritext element declaring that (and to what extent) a book's content was produced by generative models; a legally mandated threshold — a state-imposed paratext, the newest member of the copyright page's family."@en ;
    :addressedTo :ReaderAddressee,
        :RegulatorAddressee,
        :RetailAddressee ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:AIGhostwriting a :OnymityRegime ;
    rdfs:label "AI ghostwriting"@en,
        "plagiat consenti machinique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 47; editorial (v0.3)." ;
    skos:definition "The onymity regime in which model-written text is signed by a human name; structurally Genette's 'plagiarism with permission' (ghostwriting) with a software agent as the unnamed writer — the permission being a license rather than a contract with a person."@en ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:AboveAnnotatedElement a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "above what it annotates"@en,
        "au-dessus de ce qu'elle annote"@fr ;
    skos:definition "A caption set above its item (the usual rule for tables)."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:AboveTextBlock a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "above the text block (head of the page)"@en,
        "au-dessus du bloc de texte"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:AbstractSoundingGrammar a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "abstract sounding grammar"@en,
        "grammaire sonore abstraite"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Rubery 2016, chs. 2-3, 8; editorial (v0.6, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractPresentationGrammar ;
    skos:definition "The rules in force for one sounding book stating how each kind of unit, above all each kind of peritext element, is made audibly distinct: a note announced and read at the end of its paragraph, or omitted; a heading preceded by a pause; sides announced. The counterpart of the abstract visual grammar, and like it a tradition-scoped convention (the Talking Book studios' rules, later DAISY production guidelines)."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:AbstractTactileGrammar a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "abstract tactile grammar"@en,
        "grammaire tactile abstraite"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "BANA, Braille Formats: Principles of Print-to-Braille Transcription (2016); editorial (v0.6.11)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractPresentationGrammar ;
    skos:definition "The rules in force for one braille book stating how each kind of unit is set apart to the touch: emphasis by indicator cells (braille has no italic), headings by centring and indentation, print page numbers indicated so that references by page still agree."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:AccordionBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "accordion / concertina book"@en,
        "livre accordéon (leporello)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, chs. 1 and 3, and Glossary." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalBook ;
    skos:definition "A continuous strip folded back and forth in even panels, optionally cased; derived from the scroll (8th-c. China, sutra folding) and intermediate between scroll and codex — supports both continuous unfolding and page-wise opening, and admits reader refolding."@en ;
    :affords :Portability,
        :RandomAccess,
        :Refoldability,
        :SequentialAccess ;
    :region "Carriers" ;
    :remediates :Scroll .

:AcknowledgmentsElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "acknowledgements"@en,
        "remerciements"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Book Parts (2019), ch. 8 (H. Smith), pp. 95-108; Genette 1997, pp. 123-124; CMOS 17." ;
    rdfs:comment "Previously named only inside the :FrontPart / :BackPart / :CopyrightPage definitions; distinct from :DedicationElement, with which it shares the sender-addressee machinery."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "Statement of debts and thanks; historically the residue of the patronage dedication, which shrank (Genette: absorbed by the introduction around the end of the nineteenth century) while acknowledgements swelled into inventories of ties and obligations."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:AcrossOpening a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "across the two pages of an opening"@en,
        "sur une double page"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Set across the verso and recto of one opening, across the gutter (:spansGutter): the illustration is divided between two pages and still seen whole."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:ActorialSender a :SenderRole ;
    rdfs:label "actorial"@en,
        "actoriale"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:AlignedWithReferent a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "level with its referent"@en,
        "à la hauteur de son référent"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Set at the height of the line holding the referent (:annotates): the marginal note's position."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:AllographicSender a :SenderRole ;
    rdfs:label "allographic (editorial)"@en,
        "allographe (éditoriale)"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "Instances now include the curator of model-generated (or otherwise machine-produced) text: a third party who selects, arranges, and warrants text composed elsewhere — the 'elsewhere' being a :GenerationProcess. This is a use Genette did not anticipate, not a new role. The AI era adds no sender role."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Alphagram a :GraphemeClass ;
    rdfs:label "alphagram"@en ;
    skos:definition "A distinctive, meaningless-per-se unit combined in second articulation (members of alphabets, abjads, abugidas, syllabaries)."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:AnchoredInText a :PlacementAnchor ;
    rdfs:label "anchored in the text"@en,
        "ancré dans le texte"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Positioned relative to a point of the text stream, and travelling with it."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:AnchoredOnPage a :PlacementAnchor ;
    rdfs:label "anchored on the page"@en,
        "ancré sur la page"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Positioned by page coordinates, independently of the text."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:AnnouncedAloud a :SoundingFeature ;
    rdfs:label "announced aloud ('Note:')"@en,
        "annoncé"@fr ;
    :region "M_form" .

:Anonymity a :OnymityRegime ;
    rdfs:label "anonymity"@en,
        "anonymat"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Apocrypha a :OnymityRegime ;
    rdfs:label "apocrypha"@en,
        "apocryphe"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 47." ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Apocryphal a :Authenticity ;
    rdfs:label "apocryphal"@en,
        "apocryphe"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:ArtificialOrthography a :StandardisationType ;
    rdfs:label "artificial"@en ;
    skos:definition "Codified without a basis in prior use (a newly created system, or a reform overriding usage)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:AsFrontispiece a :ScopePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "as frontispiece, facing the title page"@en,
        "en frontispice"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:AsemicBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "asemic book"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Kettaneh 2024 (Michaux, Barthes, Twombly; eco-asemics); Schwenger 2019; Wiesner, Flotsam (2006) for the non-scriptural contrast." ;
    rdfs:comment "DERIVED, not intrinsic: a book all of whose sustained graph-readings return :GraphemesAbsent -- every reading that perceives its marks as graphs finds no grapheme. Computed by aggregation over :ReadingEvent, never an owl:hasValue on the artefact (graphhood being reading-relative). Three distinct emptinesses at three layers: the blank book empties the MYPH layer (Dworkin); Flotsam sustains no graph-reading, only pictures, emptying the GRAPH layer; the asemic book has full graph/glyph layers but an empty GRAPHEME layer and empty :realizesGrapheme."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ObservableBook ;
    :region "Φ" .

:AssumptiveStance a :PrefaceStance ;
    rdfs:label "assumptive"@en,
        "assomptive"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:AtEndOfBook a :ScopePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "at the end of the book"@en,
        "en fin de volume"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:AtEndOfDivision a :ScopePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "at the end of its division"@en,
        "en fin de chapitre"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:AtEndOfParagraph a :ScopePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "at the end of the paragraph that holds its location"@en,
        "à la fin du paragraphe qui contient son emplacement"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:AtHeadOfNextPage a :ScopePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "at the head of the first page after its location"@en,
        "en haut de la première page après son emplacement"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:AtItsLocation a :ScopePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "exactly at its location (between two paragraphs, or inside a paragraph)"@en,
        "exactement à son emplacement"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:AudioParagraph a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "audio paragraph"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :SoundingBook ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Authentic a :Authenticity ;
    rdfs:label "authentic"@en,
        "authentique"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:AuthorPortrait a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "likeness of the author"@en,
        "portrait de l'auteur"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 24." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:AuthorSupposition a :OnymityRegime ;
    rdfs:label "imagining the author"@en,
        "supposition d'auteur"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 47." ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:AuthorTitleElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "title of the author"@en,
        "titre de l'auteur"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 24." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:AuthoredProduction a :ProductionStatus ;
    rdfs:label "authored"@en,
        "à responsabilité d'auteur"@fr ;
    skos:definition "A text offered as issuing from a responsible agent — one who intends it, can be credited or blamed, and answers for the particular words. The status Genette's sender axis presupposes."@en ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:AuthorialSender a :SenderRole ;
    rdfs:label "authorial (autographic)"@en,
        "auctoriale (autographe)"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:AutomaticWriting a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "automatic writing"@en,
        "écriture automatique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Breton & Soupault, Les Champs magnétiques (1919); Breton, Manifeste du surréalisme (1924); Dalí (paranoiac-critical method); editorial (v0.3)." ;
    rdfs:comment "The agent is attached by prov:wasAssociatedWith yet is NOT the responsible author of the words — the same agent/responsibility split the machine case exhibits. Dalí is the cautionary individual: the 'automatism' may be prepared and staged, i.e. a claimed :GeneratedProduction status over a causally authored text, which is why production status is claim, not fact."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :GenerationProcess ;
    skos:definition "A generation process in which a human agent produces text disclaimed as issuing from the unconscious rather than from deliberate, responsible composition; the surrealist ancestor of machine generation and the reason :GeneratedProduction is medium-neutral."@en ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:BRFDocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "BRF document (Braille Ready Format, braille ASCII)"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :BrailleFormDocument ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Band a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "band"@en,
        "bande (bandeau)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 27–29." ;
    skos:definition "A removable strip around the lower third of the book carrying the author's name, a literary prize mention (won — or, per Genette's sly footnote, not won), or an authorial/allographic phrase."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:BarcodeElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "bar code (EAN)"@en,
        "code-barres"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 26; Borsuk 2018, ch. 4 (1986; conventionalized 'like a colophon'); CMOS 17, §1.74." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:BelowAnnotatedElement a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "below what it annotates"@en,
        "au-dessous de ce qu'elle annote"@fr ;
    skos:definition "A caption set below its item (the usual rule for illustrations)."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:BelowTextBlock a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "below the text block (foot of the page)"@en,
        "au-dessous du bloc de texte"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:BiblePaper a :PaperType ;
    rdfs:label "Dünndruckpapier"@de,
        "χαρτὶ γιὰ βίβλους"@el,
        "Bible paper"@en,
        "papier bible"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 26; Borsuk 2018, ch. 1." ;
    skos:definition "Very thin, opaque paper; its thinness is what allowed one-volume Bibles and, per Borsuk, the mulberry-thin papers of Chinese printing that forced one-sided xylography."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Bidi_AL a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "AL — right-to-left Arabic (strong)"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_AN a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "AN — Arabic number"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_B a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "B — paragraph separator"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_BN a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "BN — boundary neutral"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_CS a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "CS — common separator"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_EN a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "EN — European number"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_ES a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "ES — European separator"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_ET a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "ET — European terminator"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_FSI a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "FSI — first-strong isolate"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_L a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "L — left-to-right (strong)"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_LRE a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "LRE — left-to-right embedding"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_LRI a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "LRI — left-to-right isolate"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_LRO a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "LRO — left-to-right override"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_NSM a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "NSM — nonspacing mark"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_ON a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "ON — other neutral"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_PDF a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "PDF — pop directional formatting"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_PDI a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "PDI — pop directional isolate"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_R a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "R — right-to-left (strong)"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_RLE a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "RLE — right-to-left embedding"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_RLI a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "RLI — right-to-left isolate"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_RLO a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "RLO — right-to-left override"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_S a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "S — segment separator"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Bidi_WS a :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    rdfs:label "WS — whitespace"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:BiographicalNotice a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "biographical and/or bibliographical notice"@en,
        "notice biographique et/ou bibliographique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 25; CMOS 17, §§1.66, 1.73." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:BlankBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "blank book"@en,
        "livre blanc (vierge)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 3; Dworkin 2013." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalBook ;
    skos:definition "A book manufactured and circulated with no inscribed content; tests whether inscription is necessary for bookhood."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Blurb a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "blurb / press excerpts"@en,
        "extraits de presse"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 25; CMOS 17, §1.74 (signed blurb, quotations)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:BookBlock a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "book block"@en,
        "corps d'ouvrage"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 ('The Body of the Book') and Glossary." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
            owl:onClass :Quire ;
            owl:onProperty :hasMember ] ;
    skos:definition "The collated, stacked body of a codex's quires, prior to and independent of its covers."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Bookplate a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "bookplate (ex-libris)"@en,
        "ex-libris"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 35; Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 (15th-c. libraries, 17th-c. bibliophiles)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ItemPersonalization ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:BottomToTop a :WritingDirection ;
    rdfs:label "bottom-to-top"@en,
        "de bas en haut"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw <<linguistic-book>>; Daniels & Bright 1996 (Philippine scripts)." ;
    skos:definition "Line (or, in a columnar script, glyph) progression running upward. Attested for several Philippine scripts — Hanunoo, Buhid, Tagbanwa — traditionally incised bottom-to-top on bamboo, and in bottom-to-top inscriptional and signage practice."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Boustrophedon a :WritingDirection ;
    rdfs:label "boustrophedon"@en,
        "boustrophédon"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 and Glossary." ;
    skos:definition "Writing whose direction reverses at each line, named for ox-plowing; allowed continuous scanning without lifting the instrument."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:BrailleCell a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "braille cell (placed)"@en,
        "cellule braille"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :Myph ;
    skos:definition "One placed cell of a braille form document: a myph whose shape is a dot pattern, its geometry fixed by a dot-spacing standard rather than by a font."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:BrailleTranslationProcess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "braille translation"@en,
        "transcription braille"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :TypesettingProcess ;
    skos:definition "The typesetting of braille (Duxbury, liblouis): from the print text of the digital-content book, it applies a braille writing system and mode (contraction, capital and number indicators), breaks lines by braille rules, paginates, and writes a braille form file."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:BranchingOrder a :OrderingRegime ;
    rdfs:label "branching (authored partial) order"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 3." ;
    skos:definition "The author fixes a directed choice structure; each traversal linearizes one path (Choose Your Own Adventure; hypertext fiction; Shiga's Meanwhile)."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:BreakableAcrossPages a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "may run over several pages"@en,
        "peut courir sur plusieurs pages"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Broken between its parts (rows of a table, entries of a list) wherever the page ends, over as many pages as it needs."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:BulkyPaper a :PaperType ;
    rdfs:label "Werkdruckpapier"@de,
        "χαρτὶ βιβλίου"@el,
        "bulky paper"@en,
        "papier bouffant"@fr ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:ButterflyBinding a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "butterfly binding"@en,
        "reliure papillon"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1; Burkus-Chasson 2005." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :BindingMethod ;
    skos:definition "Glued Chinese binding (9th–13th c.): sheets printed with two facing pages folded inward and pasted at the crease, so each printed spread opens between blank versos — a side effect of one-sided xylography."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:ByNumber a :ReferenceType ;
    rdfs:label "by number ('section 5', 'note 12', 'equation (4)')"@en,
        "par numéro"@fr ;
    skos:definition "The number the numbering assigns the unit (division, note, illustration, table, equation counters). Undefined for a location."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ByPage a :ReferenceType ;
    rdfs:label "by page ('p. 42')"@en,
        "par page"@fr ;
    skos:definition "The number of the page the referent falls on: for a location, its page; for a unit, the page where it starts -- a convention of the abstract grammar, which a house style may replace by a range. Undefined for the whole book."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ByPageRange a :ReferenceType ;
    rdfs:label "by page range ('pp. 41-43')"@en,
        "par plage de pages"@fr ;
    skos:definition "The first and last pages over which a unit extends. Undefined for a location."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ByTitle a :ReferenceType ;
    rdfs:label "by title ('section \"Carrión and the book\"')"@en,
        "par titre"@fr ;
    skos:definition "The title of the unit, quoted. Undefined for a location and for an untitled unit."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:CSSStylesheet a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "CSS stylesheet"@en,
        "feuille de style CSS"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :GrammarSourceFile ;
    :region "C_form" .

:CartesianCS a :CoordinateSystem ;
    rdfs:label "Cartesian coordinate system"@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:CaseBinding a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "case binding"@en,
        "reliure cartonnée (emboîtage)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 and Glossary." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :BindingMethod ;
    skos:definition "The sewn book block glued into a separately manufactured cover of wrapped boards; the standard hardback, mechanized in the 19th c."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:CaseLower a :LetterCase ;
    rdfs:label "lowercase"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:CaseNone a :LetterCase ;
    rdfs:label "caseless"@en ;
    skos:definition "96.13% of Lo letters are caseless (Han, abjads, abugidas, syllabaries)."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:CaseTitle a :LetterCase ;
    rdfs:label "titlecase"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:CaseUpper a :LetterCase ;
    rdfs:label "uppercase"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:CassetteTape a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "cassette tape"@en,
        "cassette audio"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Rubery 2016, ch. 8 (Books on Tape)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :AudioCarrier ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:CentMilleMilliards a :PhysicalBook ;
    rdfs:label "Queneau, Cent mille milliards de poèmes (1961)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 3." ;
    rdfs:comment "FRBR stress test: one item whose sliced lines generate 10^14 reader-realizable sonnets. Decide explicitly whether each realized sonnet is a distinct fabio:Expression or the combinatorial system is the single Expression; Borsuk's account (the potential is the work) supports the latter."@en ;
    :hasOrderingRegime :ReaderInstantiatedOrder ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:CentredOnLine a :TactileFeature ;
    rdfs:label "centred on its line"@en,
        "centré"@fr ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ChapterDisplay a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "chapter display"@en,
        "tête de chapitre"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "CMOS 17, §1.49ff (chapter-display); LIBRORUM.nw." ;
    skos:definition "The opening apparatus of a chapter: chapter number, chapter title, optional chapter epigraph; in multi-author books, the chapter author."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:CharacterListElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "character list (dramatis personae)"@en,
        "liste des personnages"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Book Parts (2019), ch. 10 (Atkin), pp. 123-136; Genette 1997, p. 399 (dismissal)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Admitted against Genette, who dismisses character lists as 'little more than announcements' (Paratexts, p. 399); Book Parts ch. 10 demonstrates they help a text become a book. Frequently printer-made, not authorial: pair with :SenderRole."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :List,
        :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "List of a work's persons, invented by early printers of vernacular drama (1510s-20s, often on title pages, sometimes with role-doubling instructions) and migrated to dialogues and novels (Richardson's Grandison among the earliest novelistic instances); orders precedence and relation, casting the reader as audience."@en ;
    :addressedTo :ReaderAddressee ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ClayTablet a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "clay tablet"@en,
        "tablette d'argile"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1; Schmandt-Besserat & Erard 2008." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty fabio:isStoredOn ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :Clay ],
        :Tablet ;
    skos:definition "A palm-sized clay slab, slightly convex from the forming hand, impressed while damp with a wedge-shaped reed stylus (cuneiform); dominant Mesopotamian form from c. 2800 BCE."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:CodeReadingEvent a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "code reading event"@en,
        "lecture de code"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.2, after Haralambous); cf. Spinellis, Code Reading, 2003." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ReadingEvent ;
    skos:definition "A human reading event whose observed state is a code view: reading a file's characters in a text editor. In a content file it reaches the text's meaning by way of the labels; in a form file (PostScript, a PDF content stream, a DVI listing) it reaches form through language, positions, fonts and glyphs named in words. When the view is syntax-coloured, the event is informed by a machine recognition (prov:wasInformedBy a :SyntaxHighlighting)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Collation a :OrthographemeApplication ;
    rdfs:label "collation (sorting / indexing)"@en ;
    skos:definition "The dictionary/index sort inventory, realised by a :CollationRegime (weights, expansions, contractions); typically :groundedIn the :Grapheme."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:ColophonPage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "printer's colophon"@en,
        "colophon (achevé d'imprimer)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 33; Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 and Glossary; CMOS 17, §1.67." ;
    skos:definition "Closing statement of production: printer's name, date of completion, serial number, date of legal deposit; Greek 'finishing stroke', continuing the scribal tradition of production data at the end."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:CompactDisc a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "compact disc"@en,
        "disque compact"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Rubery 2016, ch. 9." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :AudioCarrier ;
    :affords :RandomAccess ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:CompositionNo1 a :PhysicalBook,
        :UnboundBook ;
    rdfs:label "Saporta, Composition No. 1 (1961)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, chs. 3–4 (incl. the 2011 Visual Editions reissue with shuffling iPad app)." ;
    :hasOrderingRegime :ReaderInstantiatedOrder ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:ConcreteSoundingGrammar a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "concrete sounding grammar"@en,
        "grammaire sonore concrète"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ConcretePresentationGrammar ;
    skos:definition "The values of one sounding rendition: which voice reads what, rate, pitch, length of pauses (CSS Speech: voice-family, pause-before, cue; SSML prosody)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ConcreteTactileGrammar a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "concrete tactile grammar"@en,
        "grammaire tactile concrète"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ConcretePresentationGrammar ;
    skos:definition "The values of one braille rendition: cells per line, lines per page, interpoint or single-sided, the translator's format options."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ConcreteVisualGrammar a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "concrete visual grammar"@en,
        "grammaire visuelle concrète"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "It sets parameters, not outcomes: where a footnote lands, whether it splits across pages, which page a label falls on, is decided by the :TypesettingProcess applying it. One abstract grammar admits many concrete ones; a concrete one may break its abstract grammar (:ConcreteGrammarConformanceShape)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ConcretePresentationGrammar ;
    skos:definition "The concrete visual grammar in force for one book (one per rendition: the printed PDF and the EPUB of one book follow one abstract grammar through two concrete ones): the effective values, once class, packages, preamble and overrides are merged, giving each rule of the abstract grammar precise values: fonts, sizes, lengths, rules, spacings (8 pt on 9.5; a 0.4 pt rule two inches long; \\skip\\footins; font-size: 0.8em). No single file holds it; its files are sources (:derivedFromSource, :GrammarSourceFile). It belongs to the digital-form corner by what it specifies, not by its file format, and is drawn on that corner's right edge, facing the abstract grammar."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:ConsentedApocrypha a :OnymityRegime ;
    rdfs:label "apocrypha with permission"@en,
        "apocryphe consenti"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 47." ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:ContentsEntry a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "contents entry"@en,
        "entrée de table des matières"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 316-317; editorial (v0.6.6, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :TableOfContents ],
        :AnnotatingElement,
        :ListEntry,
        :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "An entry of a table of contents: an annotating element whose scope is a division (:annotates) and whose content is usually a title reference and a page reference to it (by title, by page), joined by leaders. Mostly computed from the divisions, it adds content of its own when it gives a title to an untitled chapter or amplifies one (Genette 1997, p. 317)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ContributorNamesElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "names of translator(s), preface-writer(s), person(s) responsible"@en,
        "traducteurs, préfaciers, responsables"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 24." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:ConvenienceAnonymity a :OnymityRegime ;
    rdfs:label "anonymity of convenience"@en,
        "anonymat de convenance"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 42." ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:CopyEditingProcess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "copy-editing"@en,
        "préparation de copie"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ;
    skos:definition "Correcting and marking the author's copy for the printer: output a marked copy (:copyEditedFrom). Remediated by markup."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:CopyrightPage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "copyright page"@en,
        "page de copyright"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "CMOS 17, §§1.20–1.35; Genette 1997, p. 32 (mentions légales)." ;
    skos:definition "Carries publisher's address, copyright notice (symbol, year, owner), renewal indications, rights statement, publication date and history, country of printing, impression line, printing number/year, ISBN/ISSN/DOI, original-language title/publisher/copyright for translations, acknowledgments, permissions, CIP data, paper durability statement (ISO 9706, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992)."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:CordiformBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "cordiform (heart-shaped) book"@en,
        "livre cordiforme"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2; Jager 2000." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :CodexBook ;
    skos:definition "A codex cut so its symmetrical opening forms a heart (14th–15th c.); the shape of the opening itself signifies devotion — an early material-semiotic instance."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:CoreFirstRead a :ReadingStratum ;
    rdfs:label "core (first read)"@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:CoverIllustration a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "specific illustration"@en,
        "illustration spécifique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 24; credit for the cover art on the back flap, CMOS 17, §1.73." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:CoverPhrase a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "authorial or allographic phrase"@en,
        "formule auctoriale ou allographe"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 28–29 (on the band)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:CueExplicitLabel a :RecognitionCue ;
    rdfs:label "by an explicit label"@en,
        "par une étiquette explicite"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Metalinguistic recognition: the element says what it is ('I am a footnote'), and the reader knows it is optional without seeing it as optional."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:CueVisualGrammar a :RecognitionCue ;
    rdfs:label "by the visual grammar"@en,
        "par la grammaire visuelle"@fr ;
    :region "Φ" .

:DVIDocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "DVI document"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :BinaryInstructionStream ;
            owl:onProperty :codeKind ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :FormFixedToMarks ;
            owl:onProperty :formFixedAt ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :PublishedFormat ;
            owl:onProperty :formatDocumentation ],
        :DigitalBookByForm ;
    :region "C_form" ;
    :remediates :MonotypeRibbon .

:DateElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "date"@en,
        "date"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 24." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:DeFactoAnonymity a :OnymityRegime ;
    rdfs:label "de facto anonymity"@en,
        "anonymat de fait"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 42." ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Decree a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "decree"@en,
        "décret / réforme"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ;
    skos:definition "A dated act by a :RegulatingAuthority that establishes or reforms an orthography, an orthographeme inventory, or a collation regime. Its date makes divergences legible: the Spanish collation reform (1994) and the abecedario reform (2010) are two decrees on two application-inventories."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:DedicationElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "dedication (of the work)"@en,
        "dédicace d'œuvre"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 110–131, 32, 35." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "The dedication of the work (dédier), possibly a dedicatory epistle (p. 118); may also head a division (p. 127) or come from the translator (p. 130, Tristram Shandy's fifty-guinea dedication); dedicatee private or public, including in memoriam (p. 131). Distinct from the handwritten exemplar inscription (dédicacer, p. 32/35), which belongs to the copy."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:DeicticReference a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "deictic reference"@en,
        "renvoi déictique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :Reference ;
    skos:definition "A reference whose referent is the place where it itself stands: the printed page number ('this page', LaTeX \\thepage), the running head's title ('the division this page belongs to', \\leftmark). It has no :refersTo; each typeset occurrence takes its value from its own page."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:DelayedAppearance a :AppearanceTiming ;
    rdfs:label "delayed"@en,
        "tardive"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:DeluxeEditionMention a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "mention of deluxe editions"@en,
        "mention de tirages de luxe"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 32." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Determinative a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "determinative"@en,
        "déterminatif"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1." ;
    rdfs:comment "Test case for the graphemics core: a grapheme with no phonological correspondent."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :Grapheme ;
    skos:definition "A grapheme that is never phonologically realized, serving as readerly metadata for the semantic disambiguation of the word it accompanies (Mesopotamian category marks for persons, places, divinities, materials)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:DeterministicObfuscation a :ObfuscationType ;
    rdfs:label "deterministic (algorithmic) obfuscation"@en ;
    dcterms:source "hara.tex §Recoverable/Algorithmic (Silverberg; Damasio, La horde du contrevent)." ;
    skos:broader :AlgorithmicObfuscation ;
    skos:definition "The algorithm yields ONE recovery (Silverberg's binary→ASCII; Damasio's graphs raised from the foot of the page)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:DidascalicJudgement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "didascalic judgement"@en,
        "jugement didascalique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.10, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :Judgement ;
    owl:disjointWith :LinguisticJudgement ;
    skos:definition "A judgement that a rendition does or does not follow a didascalia (:judgedProperty :DidascalicConformity, :judgedAgainst the didascalia). Unlike a linguistic judgement it is relative to no language variety."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:DisavowingStance a :PrefaceStance ;
    rdfs:label "disavowing"@en,
        "dénégative"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:DiscursiveIndependence a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "discursive independence (deprecated)"@en ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    :region "Λ" .

:DiscursivelyDigressive a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "discursively digressive (deprecated)"@en ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    :region "Λ" .

:DiscursivelyIndependent a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "discursively independent (deprecated)"@en ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    :region "Λ" .

:DiscursivelyIntegrated a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "discursively integrated (deprecated)"@en ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    :region "Λ" .

:DisplayItem a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "display item (deprecated)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.9: withdrawn. Illustrations and tables are two symmetric classes with no common superclass of their own, as in CMOS ch. 3; 'display' suggested LaTeX's display mode (centred, between blocks), whereas an illustration or a table may stand inside a paragraph."@en ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    :region "Λ" .

:DisplayListEntry a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "display list entry (deprecated)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.9: replaced by :IllustrationListEntry and :TableListEntry."@en ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    :region "Λ" .

:DisplayPlacement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "display placement (deprecated)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.9: renamed :ScopePlacement."@en ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    owl:equivalentClass :ScopePlacement ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:DistinctTypeface a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "in a typeface or style distinct from the main text"@en,
        "dans un caractère distinct du texte courant"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:DjVuDocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "DjVu document"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Usually image-only, but can carry a hidden OCR text layer, so recoverability is per-instance; placed under :DigitalBookByForm, not unconditionally under :ImageOnlyDigitalBook."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :DigitalBookByForm ;
    :region "C_form" .

:DosADosBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "dos-à-dos book"@en,
        "livre dos-à-dos"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 and Glossary." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :CodexBook ;
    skos:definition "Two codices joined back to back at a shared board, each opening in the opposite direction."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:DuodecimoFormat a :FoldingFormat ;
    rdfs:label "duodecimo (12mo)"@en,
        "in-12"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 17 (in-12 among the classic trade formats)." ;
    :leavesPerSheet 12 ;
    :pagesPerSheet 24 ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:DynamicallyGeneratedBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "dynamically generated book"@en,
        "livre généré dynamiquement"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.3)." ;
    rdfs:comment "FRBR consequence, to be argued in the monograph: here fabio:Expression loses temporal priority over the reading — the :ReadingEvent generates rather than traverses the Expression. Multimodal generation (text + image + sound in one process) lands in the existing observable layer: the outputs are :PixelBook and :SoundingBook states."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :GenerativeOrder ;
            owl:onProperty :hasOrderingRegime ],
        :DigitalBookByContents ;
    skos:definition "A digital book whose Expression is (partly) generated within the reading event, e.g. branching narrative produced in real time from reader feedback."@en ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:EPUBDocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "EPUB document"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MarkupDocument ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:EncodedBreakProhibition a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded break prohibition"@en,
        "interdiction de coupure encodée"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.14)." ;
    skos:definition "A mark of the digital-content book that forbids a break within a stretch: a non-breaking hyphen (U+2011, OOXML w:noBreakHyphen), \\\\mbox, CSS hyphens: none, OOXML w:suppressAutoHyphens on a paragraph."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:EncodedCaption a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded caption"@en,
        "légende encodée"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :EncodedPeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "A caption as encoded: LaTeX \\caption (with its optional short form for the list of illustrations), TEI <head> (and <figDesc>) inside <figure> or <table>, HTML <figcaption> or <caption>, a Word paragraph in the Caption style (a label without extent, tied to its item only by adjacency). Encodes a :Caption."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:EncodedDisplayItem a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded display item (deprecated)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.9: replaced by :EncodedIllustration and :EncodedTable."@en ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:EncodedHyphenationPoint a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded hyphenation point"@en,
        "point de coupure encodé"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.14)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :EncodedLocation ;
    skos:definition "A hyphenation point written into the digital-content book: a soft hyphen (U+00AD, HTML &shy;), TeX's \\\\- inside a word, an entry of \\\\hyphenation{}, OOXML w:softHyphen. It encodes a point (:encodes) of a claim attributed to the author or the editor, which overrides the machine's for that word form."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Encoding a :CorrespondenceType ;
    rdfs:label "encoding (character↔grapheme)"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:EndOfChapterNote a :NotePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "at the end of chapter"@en,
        "fin de chapitre"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:EndOfVolumeNote a :NotePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "at the end of volume"@en,
        "fin de volume"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Endsheet a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "endsheet / endpaper"@en,
        "page de garde"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 and Glossary; CMOS 17, §1.72; Genette 1997, p. 32 (pages de garde, blank)." ;
    skos:definition "A folio adhered to the cover board (pastedown) and to the joint of the first/last page (flyleaf); often decorative; its hinge tension pulls the book invitingly open. Favorite site of the bookplate."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:EnglishTradition a :TypographicTradition ;
    rdfs:label "English typographic tradition"@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:EntriesSetApart a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "parts set apart from one another"@en,
        "parties séparées les unes des autres"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Each entry of a list (each row of a table) set apart from the next by a cue: a new line, blank space, a bullet, a rule."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:EphemeralBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "ephemeral / self-consuming book"@en,
        "livre éphémère"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 3 (Duchamp's Unhappy Readymade; Cai Guo-Qiang's Danger Book; Xu Bing's Tobacco Book)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalBook ;
    skos:definition "A book designed to decay, combust, or be consumed as part of its meaning; tests implicit persistence assumptions."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:EpigraphElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "epigraph"@en,
        "épigraphe"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 144–153." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "A quotation placed at the threshold; canonical place the first right-hand page after the dedication (before the preface), or the end of the book (then a metagraph, p. 149); anonymous or onymous (p. 153)."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:EpitextElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "epitext element"@en,
        "élément d'épitexte"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 344; CMOS 17, §§1.75–1.76." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ParatextElement ;
    skos:definition "A paratext element not materially appended to the text in the same volume, circulating freely in a virtually unlimited physical and social space (interviews, correspondence, press releases; in CMOS terms also metadata and abstracts)."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:ErrataListElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "errata list"@en,
        "errata"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Book Parts (2019), ch. 19 (Smyth), pp. 251-262; previously named but unclassed in :BackPart." ;
    rdfs:comment "Formally a sibling of :CatchwordShape: content defined by a cross-locus relation to the carrier's own text; self-referential (an implemented erratum destroys its own rationale), hence SHACL-interesting."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :List,
        :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "List of correction instructions ('for X read Y') referring to page/line loci of its own carrier; historically as much a rhetorical performance of accuracy as a mechanism of correction (of the 110 faults listed in the 1590 Faerie Queene, nearly half survived into 1596, which added 183 new ones). In digital publication, correction typically leaves no surface trace, dissolving the element."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ExploratoryReading a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "exploratory reading"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Aarseth 1997 (Cybertext); Borsuk 2018, ch. 3." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ExpectedReadingOrder ;
    skos:definition "The reader builds the order by successive decisions: gamebook, hypertext fiction, interactive narrative -- the reading side of :BranchingOrder and :GenerativeOrder. Aarseth's ergodic traversal: nontrivial effort to select a path."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:FacingPageNumbered a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "facing-page-numbered codex"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PaperCodexFixed ;
    owl:disjointWith :PerPageNumbered ;
    skos:definition "A codex numbering the OPENING rather than the page: verso and recto share one number (e.g. a bilingual edition with translation facing text). The recto=verso+1 rule does not apply."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:FalseAnonymity a :OnymityRegime ;
    rdfs:label "false (cryptic) anonymity"@en,
        "faux anonymat (cryptique)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 42." ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Fictive a :Authenticity ;
    rdfs:label "fictive"@en,
        "fictive"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:FigurativeRealization a :CorrespondenceType ;
    rdfs:label "figurative realization (an observable unit realizes a linguistic unit by its overall shape)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The licensed exception to the level pairs: a text block whose outline forms a letter (micrography, a lettrine composed of text, typographic letter-art) is read as a grapheme; a page may be shaped as a word. The same block is ordinarily also read at its own level, so a figurative realization coexists with an ordinary one. Interpretive, scoped, possibly weighted; exempt from :RealizationLevelShape (v0.5.9, after Haralambous)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Figure a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "figure (deprecated)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.9: renamed :Illustration (CMOS ch. 3)."@en ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    owl:equivalentClass :Illustration ;
    :region "Λ" .

:FileLineBreaksShown a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "the file's line breaks shown as lines"@en,
        "sauts de ligne du fichier"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Lines are content: each newline character of the file starts a line. The opposite of the book view, where lines are computed."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:FinalBlock a :BlockRole ;
    rdfs:label "final block (closes a paragraph begun earlier)"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:FixedTotalOrder a :OrderingRegime ;
    rdfs:label "fixed total order"@en ;
    skos:definition "Every pair of content units ordered, the order a property of the item (bound sequence, numbered pages); the regime presupposed by the pagination axioms."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Fleuron a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "fleuron"@en,
        "fleuron"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Haralambous 2019 (Arabic mid-verse fleuron; 16th-c. printers' flowers)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :Dingbat ;
    skos:definition "A floral or leaf printer's ornament with a standardized discursive role sedimented over centuries: e.g. the flower-like separator set mid-line between two hemistichs of Arabic verse, or the 16th-century printing-house flowers used as section dividers."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:FleuronPavement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "fleuron pavement"@en,
        "pavement de fleurons"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Haralambous 2019 (fleurons combined into textures/pavements)." ;
    skos:definition "A texture or field built by tiling and combining :Fleuron instances, where the ornamental whole -- not the single fleuron -- is the unit of the reading: the decorative border, frame, or filled panel of early print."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:FlyleafPage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "flyleaf"@en,
        "page de garde"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 32 (gardes 1 and 2, blank)." ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:FoldOutLeaf a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "fold-out"@en,
        "dépliant"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.8, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalLeaf ;
    skos:definition "A leaf larger than the book's page, folded to the format and bound or tipped in with the others; it carries what cannot be kept whole on one page or one opening (a map, a large illustration or table, a genealogy): the leaf is enlarged so that the figure need not be broken (v0.6.8, after Haralambous)."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:FolioElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "folio (printed page number)"@en,
        "folio"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "CMOS 17, §§1.6, 1.12; editorial (v0.5.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "The page number as printed on the pages: one element of the linguistic book, typeset once per page, containing one deictic page reference (:DeicticReference) whose value each page supplies. Its position (head or foot, outer or centred) is set by the visual grammar."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:FolioFormat a :FoldingFormat ;
    rdfs:label "folio"@en,
        "in-folio"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1; Genette 1997, p. 17." ;
    :leavesPerSheet 2 ;
    :pagesPerSheet 4 ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:FootNote a :NotePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "at the foot of the page"@en,
        "en bas de page"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:ForeEdge a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "fore-edge"@en,
        "gouttière"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 and Glossary." ;
    skos:definition "The edge opposite the spine; before spine-out shelving it faced outward and carried identifying decoration or paintings."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Frontispiece a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "frontispiece"@en,
        "frontispice"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 32; CMOS 17, §1.18; Borsuk 2018, ch. 2." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "Illustration facing the title page; the term migrated from 16th-c. architecture (a building's face) via the ornamental portico title pages of early print."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:FullyRecoverable a :TextRecoverability ;
    rdfs:label "fully recoverable"@en ;
    skos:definition "The complete character-coded text is present and cleanly extractable (tagged PDF, most born-digital PDF/PostScript/DVI, SVG-with-text)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:GC_Cc a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Cc — other, control"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Cf a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Cf — other, format (soft hyphen, ZWJ/ZWNJ, bidi controls)"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Cn a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Cn — other, not assigned"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Co a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Co — other, private use"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Cs a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Cs — other, surrogate"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Ll a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Ll — letter, lowercase"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Lm a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Lm — letter, modifier"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Lo a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Lo — letter, other (caseless: abjads, abugidas, syllabaries, Han)"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Lt a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Lt — letter, titlecase"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Lu a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Lu — letter, uppercase"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Mc a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Mc — mark, spacing combining"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Me a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Me — mark, enclosing"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Mn a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Mn — mark, nonspacing"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Nd a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Nd — number, decimal digit"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Nl a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Nl — number, letter (Roman, Gothic, cuneiform numerals)"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_No a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "No — number, other (fractions, circled)"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Pc a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Pc — punctuation, connector"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Pd a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Pd — punctuation, dash"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Pe a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Pe — punctuation, close"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Pf a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Pf — punctuation, final quote"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Pi a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Pi — punctuation, initial quote"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Po a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Po — punctuation, other (incl. logograms &, @, %)"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Ps a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Ps — punctuation, open"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Sc a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Sc — symbol, currency"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Sk a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Sk — symbol, modifier"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Sm a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Sm — symbol, math"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_So a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "So — symbol, other (emojis, many dingbats, the bismillah ligature)"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Zl a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Zl — separator, line"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Zp a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Zp — separator, paragraph"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GC_Zs a :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    rdfs:label "Zs — separator, space"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GalleyProof a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "galley proof"@en,
        "placard"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :Proof ;
    :region "M_form" .

:GeneralRule a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "general rule"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :OrthographicRule ;
    :region "Φ" .

:GeneratedProduction a :ProductionStatus ;
    rdfs:label "generated"@en,
        "généré"@fr ;
    skos:definition "A text offered as issuing from a process rather than from an agent bearing authorial responsibility for the particular words. Medium-neutral: covers a language model's output, surrealist automatic writing, and combinatorial generation alike."@en ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:GenreIndication a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "genre indication"@en,
        "indication générique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 24–25 (front and back cover; Queneau's asterisk games)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:GermanTradition a :TypographicTradition ;
    rdfs:label "German typographic tradition"@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Ghostwriting a :OnymityRegime ;
    rdfs:label "plagiarism with permission (ghostwriting)"@en,
        "plagiat consenti"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 47." ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:GirdleBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "girdle book"@en,
        "livre de ceinture"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 and Glossary." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :CodexBook ;
    skos:definition "A codex whose oversized soft cover loops under a belt for reading on the move; medieval pilgrims' form."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:GivenRule a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "given (pre-existing) rule"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :OrthographicRule ;
    :region "Φ" .

:GlossyCoatedPaper a :PaperType ;
    rdfs:label "Glanzgestrichenes Papier"@de,
        "χαρτὶ γυαλιστερὸ μὲ ἐπίστρωση"@el,
        "glossy coated paper"@en,
        "papier couché brillant"@fr ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:GlyphIdentification a :CorrespondenceType ;
    rdfs:label "glyph identification (graph↔myph, in a machine interpretation)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Interpretive: a machine interpretation (typically a :RecognitionProcess: OCR, HTR) assigns a mark in an image to candidate myphs/glyphs, with scores. Always scoped to a :MachineInterpretation. A human reader does not identify myphs; her interpretation of a mark is :Realization (v0.5.5)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:GraphemeClassLogogram a :GraphemeClass ;
    rdfs:label "logogram (grapheme class)"@en ;
    skos:definition "A global unit having a signified (&, §, $, €; Anis p.139). Pictograms are held distinct from logograms here, pace Anis."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GraphemeStatusUndetermined a :GraphemeStatus ;
    rdfs:label "grapheme status undetermined"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Hyland 2017; Urton 2003; on the Voynich, Kettaneh 2024, §5.2." ;
    skos:definition "Meaning may be present but the script is undeciphered: the minimal-pair test is in principle applicable yet not yet runnable. Khipu and the Voynich manuscript are of this kind — NOT graphemeless, merely undetermined."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:GraphemesAbsent a :GraphemeStatus ;
    rdfs:label "graphemes absent (asemic)"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Kettaneh 2024; Gaze 2011; Schwenger 2019." ;
    skos:definition "Meaning is constitutively absent, so the minimal-pair test is in principle INAPPLICABLE (there is no meaning for a substitution to change), even though the marks may have visual paradigm and syntagm. The true graphemeless book: asemic writing."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:GraphemesPresent a :GraphemeStatus ;
    rdfs:label "graphemes present"@en ;
    skos:definition "The graphs realize graphemes; the minimal-pair test runs. The ordinary case."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:GuidedPartialReading a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "guided partial reading"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ExpectedReadingOrder ;
    skos:definition "An author-given PARTIAL order: a dependency structure among units (chapter A before chapter B) leaving some pairs unordered, with parts marked optional on first read (small print, boxes, starred sections, appendices): the textbook. Its dependency diagram is the transitive reduction of :expectedToPrecede."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Gutter a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "gutter"@en,
        "petit fond"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 3 (Mallarmé's Un coup de Dés read across the seam)." ;
    skos:definition "The interior seam of an opening where verso and recto meet at the binding; a boundary that design can respect or deliberately traverse."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:HalfTitleElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "half title"@en,
        "faux-titre"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 32; CMOS 17, §1.17; Borsuk 2018, ch. 2; Smith 2000." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :addressedTo :ProducerAddressee,
        :ReaderAddressee,
        :RetailAddressee ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:HalfTitlePage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "half-title page"@en,
        "page de faux-titre"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 32; CMOS 17, §1.17; Borsuk 2018, ch. 2." ;
    skos:definition "Page 3, bearing the (possibly shortened) title and, in inscribed copies, the exemplar dedication; originated in the 1600s to protect and identify unbound book blocks — producer/retail-facing before becoming a readerly threshold."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:HandComposition a :CompositionMethod ;
    rdfs:label "hand composition"@en,
        "composition manuelle"@fr ;
    :region "M_form" .

:HandwrittenCopy a :CopyMedium ;
    rdfs:label "handwritten"@en,
        "manuscrit"@fr ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:HandwrittenInscription a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "handwritten inscription"@en,
        "dédicace manuscrite"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ItemPersonalization ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:HangingLabel a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "label hanging, text aligned after it"@en,
        "étiquette en sommaire"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Harlequinade a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "harlequinade (flap book)"@en,
        "arlequinade (livre à rabats)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 3 and Glossary." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :CodexBook ;
    skos:definition "A book with hinged flaps whose lifting transforms image and narrative; mass-marketed to children from c. 1765 — an early reader-recombinant form."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Headband a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "headband"@en,
        "tranchefile"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 and Glossary." ;
    skos:definition "Threads sewn (today mostly glued) at head and foot of the spine, originally reinforcing the block, now chiefly decorative."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:HouseStyle a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "house style"@en,
        "marche de la maison"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :GrammarSource ;
    skos:definition "A publisher's or printer's written rules of style and layout, shared by its books: a source of their abstract (and partly concrete) grammars. The level shared across books, alongside the tradition."@en ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:HyphenationSplit a :CorrespondenceType ;
    rdfs:label "hyphenation split (myph/graph-level break insertion)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.14: usually the grapheme string stays whole across the break and the split only cuts the line; where the regime alters the spelling at the break (:breakAlteration: German Zuk-ker before 1996, Hungarian hosz-szú, Dutch be-invloeden), the split maps the altered myphs to the unaltered graphemes."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:IDMLDocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "IDML document"@en,
        "document IDML"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.15)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :FormFixedToBlocks ;
            owl:onProperty :formFixedAt ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :AuthoredMakeUp ;
            owl:onProperty :makeUpMode ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :PublishedFormat ;
            owl:onProperty :formatDocumentation ],
        :XMLDocument ;
    skos:definition "InDesign's XML exchange format: stories, styles, pages and frames with their coordinates, but no stored composition, so text reflows inside fixed frames. Content with form fixed down to blocks."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:ISBNElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "ISBN"@en,
        "ISBN"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 26, 32; CMOS 17, §1.32; Borsuk 2018, ch. 4; Striphas 2009." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "International Standard Book Number (1966–): country/language group, publisher, title/edition, check digit; manifestation-level (each binding/edition its own). Boundary datum: many e-book-only publications circulate without one, and Banner's Vanity Press attached real ISBNs to a tattoo, a stone, a mirror — neither necessary nor sufficient for bookhood, but diagnostic of the trade system."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:IllustrationListEntry a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "entry of a list of illustrations"@en,
        "entrée de la table des illustrations"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :ListOfIllustrations ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty :annotates ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :Illustration ],
        :AnnotatingElement,
        :ListEntry,
        :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "An entry of a list of illustrations: an annotating element whose scope is one illustration, holding its number, its caption or a short form of it, and a page reference to it; the counterpart of a :ContentsEntry."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ImplicitPremodern a :StandardisationType ;
    rdfs:label "implicit / premodern"@en ;
    skos:definition "Uncodified but conventional: silently agreed spellings of a literate community (Mihm's premodern orthographies), reconstructable, not written down."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:ImpositionProcess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "imposition"@en,
        "imposition"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ;
    skos:definition "Arranging made-up pages in a forme so that the folded sheet reads in order (:imposedIn, :forFoldingFormat)."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:ImprimaturElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "imprimatur / licence statement"@en,
        "imprimatur / permission d'imprimer"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Book Parts (2019), ch. 5 (Rogers), pp. 51-64." ;
    rdfs:comment "Belongs to the authentication thread (isnad, imprimatur, copyright, provenance, AI disclosure): historically the state-issued mirror-image of :AIDisclosureElement --- a mandated statement about a text's sanctioned origin."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "Printed statement of ecclesiastical or state permission to print (imprimatur, privilege, licence); the censorship-era element of the copyright-page cluster (Index librorum prohibitorum 1559-1966), superseded by copyright statements as the governing regime shifted from permission to property."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:InAccompanyingMaterial a :ScopePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "outside the volume (atlas, accompanying PDF)"@en,
        "hors du volume (atlas, PDF d'accompagnement)"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Set outside the book: the atlas of a travel narrative, the PDF of illustrations shipped with an audiobook; the counterpart of :SpecialVolumeNote."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:InDesignDocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "InDesign document (.indd)"@en,
        "document InDesign"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.15, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "That the composition is stored is inferred from the program's behaviour (it warns that text may reflow when an older document is recomposed); to be verified against an IDML export of the same document."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :FormFixedToLines ;
            owl:onProperty :formFixedAt ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :AuthoredMakeUp ;
            owl:onProperty :makeUpMode ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :UndocumentedFormat ;
            owl:onProperty :formatDocumentation ],
        :RichDigitalBook ;
    skos:definition "A layout program's native document: stories (text with paragraph and character styles, optionally an XML structure) placed in threaded frames with fixed coordinates on fixed pages, with the composed lines stored. Content as such and form fixed down to lines: a rich digital book, the paradigm beside the tagged PDF. Its styles are a concrete visual grammar carried in the file (:carriesGrammar)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" ;
    :remediates :MadeUpPage .

:InPlateSection a :ScopePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "in a section of plates"@en,
        "dans un cahier de planches hors-texte"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Gathered with the other plates on leaves printed apart, often on another paper, and bound in as a section (:PlateLeaf)."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:IndexElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "index"@en,
        "index"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Book Parts (2019), ch. 20 (Duncan), pp. 263-274." ;
    rdfs:comment "Repairs the ToC/index asymmetry: :TableOfContents existed, the index did not, although Book Parts ch. 20 builds on precisely their contrast."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :List,
        :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "Alphabetical list of labels with locators; unlike the table of contents (sequential, revealing the text's architecture, attested from antiquity), the index is a random-access device and an invention of the codex era. Two lineages: the word index or concordance (first Bible concordance, Paris Dominicans, begun 1230-1235, completed by 1247) and the subject index (Grosseteste's Tabula distinctionum); digital full-text search inherits from the former, not the latter."@en ;
    :addressedTo :ReaderAddressee ;
    :region "Λ" .

:InitialBlock a :BlockRole ;
    rdfs:label "initial block (opens a paragraph that continues)"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:InscriptionElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "inscription (exemplar dedication)"@en,
        "dédicace d'exemplaire"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 32, 35." ;
    rdfs:comment "Item-level personalization (see :ItemPersonalization below)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:InterlinearNote a :NotePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "between the lines"@en,
        "entre les lignes"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Jiance a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "jiance (bamboo-strip scroll)"@en,
        "jiance"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1; Liu Guozhong 2016; Tsien 2004." ;
    rdfs:comment "Grapholinguistic bridge: slip narrowness fixed the top-to-bottom, right-to-left orientation of Chinese writing and shaped vertically compressed characters — substrate constraining grapheme design (see linguistic facet, :WritingDirection)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty fabio:isStoredOn ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :BambooSlip ],
        :Scroll ;
    skos:definition "A Chinese scroll of bamboo slips bound side-by-side with cords, each slip carrying a single top-to-bottom character column; rollable like a mat."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:KeptWhole a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "kept whole"@en,
        "insécable"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Never broken by the text flow: kept on one page, across the two pages of one opening (:AcrossOpening), or on a fold-out (:OnFoldOut)."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Kerning a :CorrespondenceType ;
    rdfs:label "kerning (glyph↔glyph)"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:KeyboardApplication a :OrthographemeApplication ;
    rdfs:label "keyboard layout"@en ;
    skos:definition "The unit inventory a keyboard layout treats as keys."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:KeyboardMapped a :GraphemeMappingType ;
    rdfs:label "keyboard-mapped"@en ;
    skos:definition "Assigned to the same physical key by two keyboard layouts, though visually unrelated (see :viaKeyboardLayout)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Khipu a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "khipu / quipu"@en,
        "quipu"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1; Urton 2003; Hyland 2017 (Collata khipu, phonetic reading)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Grapheme-status UNDETERMINED, not absent (:GraphemeStatusUndetermined). The dominant reading is decimal-numerical, but colonial sources describe narrative khipu, and Hyland (2017) and Urton argue for glottographic (language-encoding) construction. Whether khipu bear graphemes is therefore an OPEN empirical question pending decipherment: the minimal-pair test is in principle applicable (meaning may be present) but not yet runnable. The model neither asserts nor denies graphemes here. Any linguistic-facet axiom requiring graphematic inscription for bookhood must not exclude khipu on the assumption that it has none."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty fabio:isStoredOn ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :Cord ],
        :PhysicalBook ;
    skos:definition "An Andean recording device: a primary cord with pendant strings whose knot types, positions, colors, and ply directions encode decimal-hierarchical quantities and possibly narrative; maintained by khipukamayuq."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:LaTeXClassOrPackage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "LaTeX class or package (.cls, .sty)"@en,
        "classe ou extension LaTeX"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.5.16: a source, mostly of values assigned to the kernel's parameters (book.cls with size10.clo: \\footnotesize at 8/9.5 pt, \\skip\\footins, \\footnotesep); a package may also change the abstract grammar (footmisc's para option; an empty \\footnoterule removes the separating rule). The kernel's mechanisms (insertions, the output routine, marks) supply the roles the abstract grammar draws on."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :GrammarSourceFile ;
    :region "C_form" .

:LaTeXDocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "LaTeX document"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :ProgramSource ;
            owl:onProperty :codeKind ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :DerivedMakeUp ;
            owl:onProperty :makeUpMode ],
        :MarkupDocument ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:LabelShownAsText a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "label shown as text"@en,
        "étiquette affichée en clair"@fr ;
    skos:definition "The element's markup name, or the code's operator, is displayed as text (<footnote>, \\footnote{...}, moveto): a feature of the code grammar."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:LargerThanMainText a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "larger than the main text"@en,
        "plus grand que le texte courant"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:LaterAppearance a :AppearanceTiming ;
    rdfs:label "later"@en,
        "ultérieure"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:LeftToRight a :WritingDirection ;
    rdfs:label "left-to-right"@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:LigatureDecomposition a :CorrespondenceType ;
    rdfs:label "ligature decomposition (one glyph↔several characters)"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:LigatureGlyph a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "ligature glyph"@en,
        "glyphe ligature"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.13: in an OpenType font, the target of a GSUB ligature substitution (lookup type 4), applied under a language system by a feature such as liga or dlig."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :Glyph ;
    skos:definition "A glyph whose single shape renders two or more Unicode characters, its subshapes corresponding to the constituents (fi, ffi, æ). Ligation is a font-level fact; a document's myphs inherit it by instantiation. The intramorphemic-ligature shape (§5.11) constrains its placed occurrences."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:LinearReading a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "linear reading"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ExpectedReadingOrder ;
    skos:definition "Read through, first unit to last, in item order: the novel; the default expected order over a fixed total order."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:LinotypeComposition a :CompositionMethod ;
    rdfs:label "Linotype (line casting)"@en,
        "Linotype"@fr ;
    :region "M_form" .

:LinotypeSlug a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Linotype slug"@en,
        "ligne-bloc Linotype"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ComposedLine ;
    skos:definition "A whole line cast as one piece by the Linotype from brass matrices assembled at a keyboard: a line without sorts, corrected only by recasting it."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:ListOfDisplayItems a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "list of display items (deprecated)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.9: withdrawn; :ListOfIllustrations and :ListOfTables are now directly lists."@en ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    :region "Λ" .

:MachineReadingEvent a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "machine reading event"@en,
        "événement de lecture machine"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.3, narrowed v0.5.9)." ;
    rdfs:comment "'Machine reading' is the established term in NLP; the disjointness axiom below keeps it from implying that a machine reads in the human sense. Its agent is typically a :LanguageModel (prov:wasAssociatedWith). Narrowed in v0.5.9: OCR, HTR and layout analysis, formerly included here, are :RecognitionProcess."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MachineInterpretation ;
    skos:definition "A language model 'reading' a text or a page image: a machine interpretation that, like a human reading, spans the linguistic strata -- graphemes, morphemes, sentences, paragraphs, and what they mean -- rather than a single one. The machine counterpart of the human reading event, and the one the monograph's generated-book chapter (closing Part II) is about."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:MarginNote a :NotePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "in the margins (side note)"@en,
        "en manchette"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Marginalia a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "marginalia"@en,
        "notes manuscrites en marge"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 35; Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 and Glossary; Sherman 2008." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ItemPersonalization ;
    skos:definition "Reader-produced inscription in margins and blanks (notes, manicules, doodles, scribal complaints); belongs to the Item while simultaneously constituting new authored content — an acknowledged FRBR strain: a Work whose manifestation substrate IS another work's Item."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:MarkedByIndicator a :TactileFeature ;
    rdfs:label "marked by an indicator cell"@en,
        "marqué par un indicateur"@fr ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Materialization a :CorrespondenceType ;
    rdfs:label "materialization (myph → graph: printing or display)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Resident: the mark was produced from the myph by a printer or a screen. Never scoped to an interpretive act, never weighted. Replaces the v0.4 type :Perception, which wrongly presented the link from the observable corner into the computer as perception (v0.5.5)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:MatteCoatedPaper a :PaperType ;
    rdfs:label "Mattgestrichenes Papier"@de,
        "χαρτὶ μὰτ μὲ ἐπίστρωση"@el,
        "matte coated paper"@en,
        "papier couché mat"@fr ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:MedialBlock a :BlockRole ;
    rdfs:label "medial block (neither opens nor closes its paragraph, e.g. a full page inside one)"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:MonospaceGrid a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "monospaced grid"@en,
        "grille à chasse fixe"@fr ;
    skos:definition "One character per cell of a fixed-width grid: the characters of the file, not the glyphs of a book."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:MonotypeComposition a :CompositionMethod ;
    rdfs:label "Monotype (keyboard and caster)"@en,
        "Monotype"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "Two transitions: keyboarding, through reading (ribbon :composedFrom copy), and casting, mechanical (galley :castFromRibbon ribbon)."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:MultipageTIFF a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "multipage TIFF"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ImageOnlyDigitalBook ;
    :region "C_form" .

:MusicalSegment a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "musical segment"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :SoundingChapterHead ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:MuteBookObject a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "mute book object"@en,
        "livre-objet muet"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 3 ('The Book as Mute Object'); Stewart 2011 (Paulsrud; Kokin; Roth's Literaturwurst; Novo; Spector)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalBook ;
    skos:definition "A book rendered deliberately illegible or inaccessible while remaining recognizable as a book (sanded, pulped, carved, sausage-cured, painted over); satisfies material and paratextual axioms while violating retrieval/affordance axioms."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:MuteCoverPage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "mute cover page (covers 2 and 3)"@en,
        "pages 2 et 3 de couverture (muettes)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 25." ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:NarrationMark a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "narration mark"@en,
        "marque de lecture"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :CopyMark ;
    skos:definition "A mark on a reading copy instructing the voice: a pronunciation, a pause, 'announce note', 'end of side'."@en ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:NaturallyDeveloped a :StandardisationType ;
    rdfs:label "naturally developed"@en ;
    skos:definition "Codified from conventionalised prior usage (English, German)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:NearItsScope a :ScopePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "at the head or foot of the page where its scope falls, or of the next"@en,
        "en haut ou en bas de la page de sa portée, ou de la suivante"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:NoObfuscation a :ObfuscationType ;
    rdfs:label "no obfuscation (default)"@en ;
    skos:definition "The default, unmarked state: the text is complete and directly legible; no concealment applied."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:NonScriptural a :GraphemeStatus ;
    rdfs:label "non-scriptural (no writing)"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Wiesner, Flotsam (2006), and the wordless-picture-book tradition; Haralambous 2024, ch. 3 (the graph as the etic unit that a picture is not)." ;
    skos:definition "The book bears no writing at all — not even writing-LIKE marks — only images. The minimal-pair test does not arise: there is nothing script-shaped to test. This is distinct from :GraphemesAbsent (asemic), where marks RESEMBLE writing but carry no meaning. The wordless picture book, e.g. David Wiesner's Flotsam, is the exemplar: pictures narrate, but no graph layer, graphemic or asemic, is present."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:NondeterministicObfuscation a :ObfuscationType ;
    rdfs:label "nondeterministic (algorithmic) obfuscation"@en ;
    dcterms:source "hara.tex §Nondeterministic (Foer, Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close)." ;
    skos:broader :AlgorithmicObfuscation ;
    skos:definition "The algorithm admits MORE THAN ONE possible recovery (Foer's negative-kerning superposition; a crossword-like typographic fill)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:OctavoFormat a :FoldingFormat ;
    rdfs:label "octavo"@en,
        "in-octavo"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, chs. 1–2; Genette 1997, p. 17." ;
    skos:definition "Three folds, eight leaves, sixteen pages; the most common gathering and, as the Aldine octavo, the format that made the book portable and personal."@en ;
    :leavesPerSheet 8 ;
    :pagesPerSheet 16 ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:OctodecimoFormat a :FoldingFormat ;
    rdfs:label "octodecimo (18mo)"@en,
        "in-18"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 17." ;
    :leavesPerSheet 18 ;
    :pagesPerSheet 36 ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:OffsetPaper a :PaperType ;
    rdfs:label "Offsetpapier"@de,
        "χαρτὶ ὄφφσετ"@el,
        "offset paper"@en,
        "papier offset"@fr ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:OmittedInNarration a :SoundingFeature ;
    rdfs:label "omitted"@en,
        "omis"@fr ;
    :region "M_form" .

:OnFoldOut a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "on a fold-out"@en,
        "sur un dépliant"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Set on a leaf larger than the page, folded to the format and bound with the others (:FoldOutLeaf): the leaf is enlarged so that the item need not be broken."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:OnPageOfItsOwn a :ScopePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "on a page of its own (full page, full-page plate)"@en,
        "en pleine page"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Onymity a :OnymityRegime ;
    rdfs:label "onymity"@en,
        "onymat"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:OptionalFirstRead a :ReadingStratum ;
    rdfs:label "optional on first read"@en ;
    skos:definition "Deferrable material: small-print passages, boxed asides, starred/advanced sections, appendices."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:OriginalAppearance a :AppearanceTiming ;
    rdfs:label "original"@en,
        "originale"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "The element appears with the first edition, at the book's publication. This is the trivial default and is normally left implicit (see :hasAppearanceTiming)."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:OrnamentalBreak a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "ornamental break"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :TextBreak ;
    :region "Λ" .

:OtherWorksList a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "list of works by the same author / same publisher / same series"@en,
        "liste d'œuvres du même auteur ou de la même collection"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 25, 27, 32." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:PDFDocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "PDF document"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Fixed form, normally text-bearing; recoverability is per-instance (born-digital = :FullyRecoverable, a scan wrapped in PDF = :NotRecoverable). Not image-only by nature."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :SerializedStructure ;
            owl:onProperty :codeKind ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :FormFixedToMarks ;
            owl:onProperty :formFixedAt ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :StandardizedFormat ;
            owl:onProperty :formatDocumentation ],
        :DigitalBookByForm ;
    :region "C_form" .

:PEFDocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "PEF document (Portable Embosser Format, XML with Unicode braille)"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :BrailleFormDocument ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:PageProof a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "page proof"@en,
        "épreuve en pages"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :Proof ;
    :region "M_form" .

:PaidAdvertisement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "paid advertisement"@en,
        "publicité payante"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 26." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Part a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "part"@en,
        "partie"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "CMOS 17, §1.48." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
            owl:onClass :Chapter ;
            owl:onProperty :hasMember ],
        :Division ;
    skos:definition "A grouping of at least two chapters (CMOS: a part must contain more than one chapter)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:PartiallyRecoverable a :TextRecoverability ;
    rdfs:label "partially recoverable"@en ;
    skos:definition "Some numeric text is present but extraction is lossy or disordered (untagged PDF with subsetted or re-encoded fonts, ligature and reading-order damage)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:ParticularRule a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "particular (singular) rule"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :OrthographicRule ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Pedagogy a :OrthographemeApplication ;
    rdfs:label "pedagogy (taught alphabet)"@en ;
    skos:definition "The alphabet as taught and named for spelling instruction (the abecedario's che/elle; the Arabic alphabet's lam-alif). Often :groundedIn the :BasicShape / ligature."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:PerfectBinding a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "perfect binding"@en,
        "dos carré collé"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, chs. 1–2 and Glossary." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :BindingMethod ;
    skos:definition "Glue-only binding of a trimmed page stack into a flexible cover; the standard paperback."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:PersonalBinding a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "personal binding"@en,
        "reliure personnelle"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ItemPersonalization ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Phone a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "phone"@en,
        "phone"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :SoundingSpeechRun ] ;
    skos:definition "A sound segment of the sounding book individuated as a unit of speech in an interpretive act: the sound counterpart of :Graph, realizing a phoneme (:Realization) as a graph realizes a grapheme, and the materialization of a speech segment of the audio file."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:PhysicalBookBody a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "physical book body"@en ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw <<physical-book>>." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalBook ] ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:PhysicalCover a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "cover"@en,
        "couverture"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw <<physical-book>>; CMOS 17, §§1.69–1.74 (clothbound hardcover vs paperback cover)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalBook ] ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:PhysicalDustJacket a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "dust jacket"@en,
        "jaquette"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw; Genette 1997, p. 27; CMOS 17, §1.71." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :PhysicalBook ] ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Pictographic a :GraphemeStatus ;
    rdfs:label "pictographic (non-linguistic)"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Haralambous 2024, §3.2.2; Cohn, Engelen & Schilperoord 2019 (grammar of emoji)." ;
    skos:definition "The units carry meaning (so not asemic) and are sequenced (so support narrative) but are not graphemes: a pictorial sign system without first/second articulation. Xu Bing's Book from the Ground (emoji + punctuation) is the exemplar."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Plagiarism a :OnymityRegime ;
    rdfs:label "plagiarism"@en,
        "plagiat"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 47." ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:PlainTextDocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "plain text document"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 4 (Project Gutenberg e-texts)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :DigitalBookByContents ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:PlateLeaf a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "plate"@en,
        "planche hors-texte"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Gaskell, A New Introduction to Bibliography, Oxford 1972 (intaglio plates printed apart); editorial (v0.6.8)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalLeaf ;
    skos:definition "A leaf printed apart from the text, often by another process and on another paper (an intaglio engraving, a lithograph, a halftone on coated paper), and bound or tipped in, singly or as a section of plates; outside the pagination or numbered in a sequence of its own. It exists because an image could not, or could not well, be printed with the type: intaglio needs a rolling press, fine halftones a coated paper (v0.6.8)."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:PlatingProcess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "plating"@en,
        "galvanoplastie"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ;
    skos:definition "Electroforming the stamper from the sound master (:platedFrom)."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:PleaseInsert a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "please-insert"@en,
        "prière d'insérer"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 104–110, 25." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "Historically staged element: first a release communicated to the press (p. 105), then a loose insert (p. 104), finally absorbed into the back cover (p. 110)."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Polyptych a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "polyptych"@en,
        "polyptyque"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 and Glossary; Roberts & Skeat 1983." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
            owl:onClass :Tablet ;
            owl:onProperty :hasMember ],
        :PhysicalBook ;
    skos:definition "Two or more tablets threaded together along one edge; the Roman name for such a hinged gathering, codex, is the etymological source of the codex book."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:PostScriptDocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "PostScript document"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.2: program source in a programming language, written to be interpreted (a printer's interpreter; Display PostScript on NeXT screens), by a machine (dvips) or by hand. A PostScript file written by hand is a state of the digital-form book produced through reading; its interpretation by a printer is a mechanical transition."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :ProgramSource ;
            owl:onProperty :codeKind ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :FormFixedToMarks ;
            owl:onProperty :formFixedAt ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :PublishedFormat ;
            owl:onProperty :formatDocumentation ],
        :DigitalBookByForm ;
    :region "C_form" .

:PosthumousAppearance a :AppearanceTiming ;
    rdfs:label "posthumous"@en,
        "posthume"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Pothi a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "pothī (palm-leaf manuscript)"@en,
        "pothī"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 and Glossary; Agrawal 1982." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty fabio:isStoredOn ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :PalmLeaf ],
        :PhysicalBook ;
    skos:definition "Oblong polished palm-leaf strips stacked between boards and held by cords through drilled holes; opens like a venetian blind."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:PrecededByPause a :SoundingFeature ;
    rdfs:label "preceded by a pause"@en,
        "précédé d'une pause"@fr ;
    :region "M_form" .

:PressPrintingProcess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "printing (letterpress)"@en,
        "impression typographique"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ;
    skos:definition "Printing sheets from formes (:printedFrom)."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:PressingProcess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "pressing"@en,
        "pressage"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ;
    skos:definition "Pressing records from the stamper (:pressedFrom)."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:PriceElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "price"@en,
        "prix de vente"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 24–25." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:PrintPageIndicated a :TactileFeature ;
    rdfs:label "print page number indicated"@en,
        "page imprimée indiquée"@fr ;
    :region "Λ" .

:PrintRunElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "number of printings or editions"@en,
        "numéro de tirage ou édition"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 24–25; CMOS 17 impression line, §1.28." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:PrizeMention a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "mention of a literary prize (won — or not won)"@en,
        "mention de prix littéraire"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 28 and fn. 17." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:PronunciationLexicon a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "pronunciation lexicon"@en,
        "lexique de prononciation"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :JudgementBasis ;
    skos:definition "A list of pronunciations a sounding book is judged against: a narrator's pronunciation guide, a W3C PLS lexicon, a pronouncing dictionary."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Pseudonymity a :OnymityRegime ;
    rdfs:label "pseudonymity"@en,
        "pseudonymat"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:PublisherAddressElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "address of the publisher"@en,
        "adresse de l'éditeur"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 24; CMOS 17, §1.20." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:PublisherNameElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "name / trade name / initials / colophon of the publisher"@en,
        "nom, raison sociale, sigle et/ou emblème de l'éditeur"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 24, 26; Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 (printer's devices as proto-logos)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:QuartoFormat a :FoldingFormat ;
    rdfs:label "quarto"@en,
        "in-quarto"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1; Genette 1997, p. 17." ;
    :leavesPerSheet 4 ;
    :pagesPerSheet 8 ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Quaternion a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "quaternion"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 and Glossary; Avrin 1991." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onClass :PhysicalLeaf ;
            owl:onProperty :hasMember ;
            owl:qualifiedCardinality "8"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ],
        :Quire ;
    skos:definition "A quire of four nested folios (eight leaves, sixteen pages), the standard medieval parchment gathering and etymological source of 'quire'; assembled hair side facing hair side, flesh facing flesh."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:ReadAsDescription a :SoundingFeature ;
    rdfs:label "replaced by a spoken description"@en,
        "remplacé par une description orale"@fr ;
    skos:definition "v0.6.8: an illustration voiced as its caption and a description of what it shows, or only announced and sent to accompanying material (:InAccompanyingMaterial)."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:ReadAtDivisionEnd a :SoundingFeature ;
    rdfs:label "read at the end of its division"@en,
        "lu en fin de division"@fr ;
    :region "M_form" .

:ReadAtParagraphEnd a :SoundingFeature ;
    rdfs:label "read at the end of its paragraph"@en,
        "lu en fin de paragraphe"@fr ;
    :region "M_form" .

:ReadTimeIndicator a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "read-time indicator"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 4 (Editions at Play measuring length in read time)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ParatextElement ;
    skos:definition "Duration-based progress paratext ('12 min left in chapter') replacing pagination where the page's paratexts do not apply."@en ;
    :addressedTo :ReaderAddressee ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:ReadWithHeads a :SoundingFeature ;
    rdfs:label "each cell read with its heads"@en,
        "chaque cellule lue avec ses en-têtes"@fr ;
    skos:definition "v0.6.8: a table linearized for the ear, each cell voiced with the row and column heads it falls under (:heads), as screen readers do: the table's orders survive the change of modality, its geometry does not."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:Realization a :CorrespondenceType ;
    rdfs:label "realization (observable unit(s) ↔ linguistic unit(s), level by level)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Interpretive, scoped to an act, possibly weighted. Reading happens at many levels, and each level has its pair: graph → grapheme; visual word → morpheme(s) or word form; visual text block → paragraph (with a :blockRole); visual division or chapter head → division; sounding prosodic phrase → sentence; sounding text block → paragraph. Since v0.5.14 also the recognition of peritext: visual text block → peritext element (a note, a running head, a folio), division header, or reference; visual word → reference ('p. 42'). A :Location is never a target. :RealizationLevelShape admits only these pairs. Generalized from graph↔grapheme in v0.5.9."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:RecycledPaper a :PaperType ;
    rdfs:label "Recyclingpapier"@de,
        "ἀνακυκλωμένο χαρτί"@el,
        "recycled paper"@en,
        "papier recyclé"@fr ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:ReferenceStratum a :ReadingStratum ;
    rdfs:label "reference only"@en ;
    skos:definition "Not part of any read-through: tables, glossaries, indexes consulted on demand."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:ReflowableBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "reflowable book"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 4." ;
    rdfs:comment "Consequence: page-number-based constraints and citations are undefined here — the formal register of Borsuk's 'reflows into the reader's vessel of choice'. The pagination shapes of the conventions facet are therefore scoped to :PaperCodexFixed."@en ;
    owl:disjointWith :FixedLayoutBook ;
    skos:definition "A book whose text is liquid: line and page boundaries are computed per rendering from device dimensions and reader settings; pagination is not an item-level property."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:Register a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "register (of first words)"@en,
        "registre"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "Incunable-era front list of each section's first word for the binder's collation; precursor of the reader-facing table of contents."@en ;
    :addressedTo :ProducerAddressee ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Rendering a :CorrespondenceType ;
    rdfs:label "rendering (glyph↔character)"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:RepeatedOnEachPage a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "repeated on each page"@en,
        "répété à chaque page"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Ribbon a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "ribbon bookmark"@en,
        "signet"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 30 (signet); Borsuk 2018, ch. 2." ;
    skos:definition "A ribbon bound in at the head for place-keeping."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:RightToLeft a :WritingDirection ;
    rdfs:label "right-to-left"@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:RunningHead a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "running head (running foot)"@en,
        "titre courant"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 316; CMOS 17, §§1.12–1.16." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "Repeated heading at the top (or foot) of pages; can entitle an untitled chapter, elaborate the title, or play truant from it (Genette on La Chartreuse); layout conventions CMOS §§1.12–1.16."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:RunsParallelToMainText a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "runs parallel to the main text"@en,
        "court parallèlement au texte"@fr ;
    skos:definition "A second flow beside the main one: a long footnote continues at the foot of the next page while the main text continues above it."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:SaddleStitch a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "saddle stitch"@en,
        "piqûre à cheval"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 and Glossary." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :BindingMethod ;
    skos:definition "Sewing or stapling through the fold of a single gathering; the binding of the earliest parchment notebooks and of the chapbook."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:SatinPaper a :PaperType ;
    rdfs:label "Satinpapier"@de,
        "χαρτὶ σατινέ"@el,
        "satin paper"@en,
        "papier satin"@fr ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:ScanningArtifact a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "scanning artifact"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 4 (Andrew Norman Wilson's ScanOps images)." ;
    skos:definition "A trace of the digitization act left in the digital item (an operator's hand or finger, page curvature, watermark); evidence of the manual in the digital."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:SeparatedByBlankSpace a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "separated by blank space"@en,
        "séparé par un blanc"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:SeparatedByRule a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "separated by a rule"@en,
        "séparé par un filet"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:SeriesEmblem a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "name and/or colophon of the series"@en,
        "titre et/ou emblème de la collection"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 22, 24; CMOS 17, §1.18." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "The series (collection, p. 22) as peritext: its name/emblem, the name of the person responsible, mention of the original series; on a series title page also volume number, general editor, previously published titles (CMOS 1.18)."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:SeriesManifesto a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "series statement of principles"@en,
        "manifeste de collection"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 25, 27." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:SetOffFromRunningText a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "set off from the running text"@en,
        "détaché du texte courant"@fr ;
    skos:definition "The whole set apart from the text before its first part and after its last: blank space, an indent, a rule, a frame."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:SetRule a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "set rule"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "External-only; may be unsystematic (codifies a variant outside the graphematic solution space, e.g. German *Majonäse, later rescinded)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :OrthographicRule ;
    :region "Φ" .

:SextodecimoFormat a :FoldingFormat ;
    rdfs:label "sextodecimo (16mo)"@en,
        "in-16"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1, fig. 3; Genette 1997, p. 17." ;
    :leavesPerSheet 16 ;
    :pagesPerSheet 32 ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:SignatureFacsimile a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "facsimile of the author's signature"@en,
        "fac-similé de la signature"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 24." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:SignatureMark a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "signature mark"@en,
        "signature"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 and Glossary." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "Alphanumeric mark on a gathering's first page identifying its place in the collation, for the binder."@en ;
    :addressedTo :ProducerAddressee ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:SkeuomorphicParatext a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "skeuomorphic paratext"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, Preface and ch. 4 (Voyager Expanded Books' dog-ear; Kindle conventions)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Each instance should carry a :remediates link to the codex feature imitated."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ParatextElement ;
    skos:definition "A digital paratext imitating a codex paratext or behavior without its mechanical necessity: virtual dog-ears and bookmarks, page-turn animation, creamy page backgrounds."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:SmallerThanMainText a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "smaller than the main text"@en,
        "plus petit que le texte courant"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:SoftWrapped a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "soft-wrapped"@en,
        "retour à la ligne automatique"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Long lines are broken for display, often with a continuation sign: computed lines return inside the editor, the gradient of fixed form in miniature."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:SoundingDivisionHead a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "sounding division head"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :SoundingBook ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:SoundingFullSilence a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "full silence"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :SoundingTextBlock ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:SoundingPhone a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "phone"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :SoundingProsodicPhrase ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:SoundingSilence a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "silence"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :SoundingProsodicPhrase ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:SourceGrammar a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "source grammar (deprecated: use :CodeGrammar)"@en ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    owl:equivalentClass :CodeGrammar ;
    :region "Φ" .

:SourceView a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "source view (deprecated: use :CodeView)"@en ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    owl:equivalentClass :CodeView ;
    :region "Φ" .

:SpecialVolumeNote a :NotePlacement ;
    rdfs:label "in a special volume"@en,
        "volume spécial"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:SpecificationSheet a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "specification sheet"@en,
        "cahier des charges typographique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf fabio:Item,
        :GrammarSource ;
    skos:definition "The book designer's typographic specification: typeface, sizes and leading of text, notes, heads and folios, measure, margins, spacing. A source of the book's concrete visual grammar, written on paper for the compositor."@en ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:SpeechRecognitionProcess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "speech recognition"@en,
        "reconnaissance de la parole"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :RecognitionProcess ;
    skos:definition "Dictation: phones in the air, captured as audio, recognized as characters. The OCR of sound, losing the phonemic layer as OCR loses the graphs."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:SpeechSynthesisProcess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "speech synthesis"@en,
        "synthèse vocale"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :NarrationProcess ;
    skos:definition "Machine narration: a grapheme-to-phoneme front end (a machine reading, whose pronunciations are attributed to it) followed by synthesis with a voice applying a concrete sounding grammar. The typesetting of sound."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:SpellingAlphabet a :OrthographemeApplication ;
    rdfs:label "spelling alphabet"@en ;
    skos:definition "The named units used to spell aloud (radio alphabets, letter-naming)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:StabBinding a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "stab binding"@en,
        "reliure japonaise"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :BindingMethod ;
    skos:definition "East Asian sewn binding: one thread through holes stabbed near the spine edge, forming a decorative pattern; repairable without page damage."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:SupportedBinding a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "supported binding"@en,
        "reliure sur nerfs"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 (Book of Kells)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :BindingMethod ;
    skos:definition "Each quire sewn onto cords or thongs running across the spine and laced into the covers (7th c. onward); required by heavy codices, still standard in fine binding."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:SymbolicObfuscation a :ObfuscationType ;
    rdfs:label "symbolic obfuscation"@en ;
    dcterms:source "hara.tex §Symbolic Obfuscation (the Iranian example)." ;
    skos:broader :RecoverableObfuscation ;
    skos:definition "Concealment only hinted at, so the information is directly accessible to the reader (though perhaps not to characters in the text)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:SyntaxColoured a :VisualFeature ;
    rdfs:label "syntax-coloured"@en,
        "coloration syntaxique"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Tokens coloured by lexical category: the displayed output of a machine recognition (:SyntaxHighlighting)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:SyntaxHighlighting a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "syntax highlighting"@en,
        "coloration syntaxique (processus)"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :RecognitionProcess ;
    skos:definition "A lexer's recognition of the tokens of a file (tag, attribute, operator, string, comment), displayed as colour in a code view: a machine's reading shown to a human."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:TableListEntry a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "entry of a list of tables"@en,
        "entrée de la liste des tableaux"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :ListOfTables ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty :annotates ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :Table ],
        :AnnotatingElement,
        :ListEntry,
        :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "An entry of a list of tables: an annotating element whose scope is one table, holding its number, its caption or a short form of it, and a page reference to it."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:TactileGrammarRule a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "tactile grammar rule"@en,
        "règle de grammaire tactile"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PresentationGrammarRule ;
    :region "Λ" .

:TactileGraph a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "tactile graph"@en,
        "graphe tactile"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :TactileLine ],
        :Graph ;
    skos:definition "A braille cell as felt: the tactile subclass of :Graph. It realizes a grapheme of a braille writing system, which in contracted mode may be a logogram standing for a whole word form (UEB ⠯ 'and')."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:TauGraph a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "tau-graph (typographetic graph)"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Haralambous 2024, §3.1.1.2 (typographetics; the tau-graph), Figs. 3.1–3.2." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :VisualGraph ;
    skos:definition "A visual graph produced by hot-lead typography or its perpetuators (typewriter, Monotype/Linotype, phototypesetting, computer), bearing two features inherited from metal type: an abstract box with a horizontal set-width and a vertical body-size, and a baseline (horizontal, or vertical for scripts such as Chinese or Mongolian). Bicameral scripts add uppercase-height and x-height. Baseline and body-size are properties of the tau-graph, not of a general graph — which is why the parity/baseline shapes properly range over tau-graphs."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:ThirtyTwomoFormat a :FoldingFormat ;
    rdfs:label "thirty-twomo (32mo)"@en,
        "in-32"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2; librorum.nw (format -> DIN, ISO)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Borsuk (ch. 2): the wallet-like extreme of the Victorian reprint price war — a format choice with direct economic signification. Modern formats are standardized by DIN/ISO (Genette's note '-> DIN, ISO')."@en ;
    :leavesPerSheet 32 ;
    :pagesPerSheet 64 ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:TitlePage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "title page"@en,
        "page de titre"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 33; CMOS 17, §1.19; Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 (development c. 1480, from the scroll's titulus)." ;
    skos:definition "Carries full title, subtitle, names of author/editor/translator, edition number, publisher's name, location, and colophon (logo)."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:TopToBottom a :WritingDirection ;
    rdfs:label "top-to-bottom (columnar)"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 (jiance slips fixing the Chinese column)." ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Topogram a :GraphemeClass ;
    rdfs:label "topogram"@en ;
    skos:definition "Essentially punctuation: structures and segments sequences of alphagrams and logograms (Anis p.116)."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:TranscriptionMapped a :GraphemeMappingType ;
    rdfs:label "transcription-mapped"@en ;
    skos:definition "Corresponded by a transcription/transliteration scheme though visually unrelated: English <w> and Greek <ω> in a TeX Greek transliteration (see :viaScheme)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:TunnelBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "tunnel book / peep-show"@en,
        "livre-tunnel"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 3 and Glossary; Hyde 2015." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalBook ;
    skos:definition "Superimposed cut-out planes joined by lateral accordions, viewed through a cover aperture for an illusion of depth; from Alberti's perspective boxes."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:TypewrittenCopy a :CopyMedium ;
    rdfs:label "typewritten"@en,
        "dactylographié"@fr ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:TypographicBreak a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "typographic break"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :TextBreak ;
    :region "Λ" .

:TypographicNote a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "typesetting / paper description"@en,
        "description typographique, choix du papier"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 34." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "Statement of the typeface, layout, and paper chosen — material choices as declared peritext."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:UnrecoverableObfuscation a :ObfuscationType ;
    rdfs:label "unrecoverable obfuscation"@en ;
    dcterms:source "hara.tex §Unrecoverable Obfuscation (Foer's darkening pages; Ollier's white voids)." ;
    skos:definition "Information hidden from the reader and not recoverable from the text — overprinted to grey/black, erased, or lost past the page boundary."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Unstandardised a :StandardisationType ;
    rdfs:label "unstandardised"@en ;
    skos:definition "No orthography; ontologically primary (a young or unregulated system)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Vellum a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "vellum"@en,
        "vélin"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, Glossary, s.v. 'Vellum'." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :Parchment ;
    skos:definition "Highest-quality parchment, typically of calfskin."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:VisualBackCover a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual back cover"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualCover ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualBackFlap a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual back flap"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualCover ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualChapterHead a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual chapter head"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.5.14: names a function the page does not have; retained from the spreadsheet. New data: a :VisualTextBlock with a :Realization to a :DivisionHeader, scoped to the reading that takes it as a head."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualPage ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualDivisionHead a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual division head"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.5.14: names a function the page does not have; retained from the spreadsheet. New data: a :VisualTextBlock with a :Realization to a :DivisionHeader, scoped to the reading that takes it as a head."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualPage ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualDustJacketBack a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual dust jacket back"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualDustJacket ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualDustJacketBackFlap a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual dust jacket back flap"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualDustJacket ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualDustJacketFront a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual dust jacket front"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualDustJacket ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualDustJacketFrontFlap a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual dust jacket front flap"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualDustJacket ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualDustJacketSpine a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual dust jacket spine"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Spreadsheet had 'VisualDusjJacketSpin' (typos)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualDustJacket ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualFrontCover a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual front cover"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualCover ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualFrontFlap a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual front flap"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualCover ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualHorizontalSpace a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "horizontal space"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualLine ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualInnerMargin a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "inner margin"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualPage ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualLowerMargin a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "lower margin"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualPage ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualOuterMargin a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "outer margin"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualPage ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualPictureBlock a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual picture block"@en,
        "bloc d'image"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.8)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualPage ] ;
    skos:definition "A region of a visual page occupied by a picture (a drawing, a photograph, a diagram) rather than by lines of text: what a reading that takes marks as a picture (:perceivesAsPicture) attends to. Printed or displayed from a placed image (:materializationOf :PlacedImage) or, in letterpress, from a cut (:Cut); a reader takes it, usually with a caption block, as the body of an illustration (:Realization to :Illustration)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualPrintingZone a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "printing zone"@en,
        "zone d'empagement"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualPage ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualSpine a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual spine"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Spreadsheet had 'VisualSpin' (typo)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualCover ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualSuperblock a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual superblock"@en,
        "superbloc"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.8, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualPage ] ;
    skos:definition "A group of visual blocks the eye takes as one unit, set off from the running text and divided by cues (new lines, blank space, bullets, rules, alignment): a column of entry blocks, a grid of cell blocks, a picture block with its caption block. Its blocks are part of it (dc:isPartOf). A reader recognizes it, through the visual grammar, as a list, a table or an illustration (:Realization, scoped to her reading); the same blocks with the cues removed would be read as paragraphs. Across an opening it spans the gutter (:spansGutter)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualUpperMargin a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "upper margin"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualPage ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualVerticalSpace a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "vertical space"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualPage ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualWordSegment a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual word segment"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualLine ] ;
    skos:definition "A fragment of a word broken across lines (hyphenation); the visual counterpart of the broken elements treated in the conventions facet."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisuallyClose a :GraphemeMappingType ;
    rdfs:label "visually close"@en ;
    skos:definition "The graphemes' basic shapes are :visuallyCloseTo each other but not identical: German <ß> and Greek <β>."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisuallyDistinct a :GraphemeMappingType ;
    rdfs:label "visually distinct"@en ;
    skos:definition "The graphemes' basic shapes are neither shared nor close: English <w> and Greek <π>. The default, unmarked case; asserted mainly to record that a conventionally mapped pair is visually unrelated."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisuallyEquivalent a :GraphemeMappingType ;
    rdfs:label "visually equivalent (homoglyph)"@en ;
    skos:definition "The two graphemes share a basic shape (:hasBasicShape the same :BasicShape): <o> of the French, Greek and Russian writing systems, whose graphs belong to the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic scripts; French <i> and Turkish <ı>, both realized by the dotless-i basic shape. A summary of the Rezec level — visual equivalence is properly a fact about shared basic shapes."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VoiceChange a :SoundingFeature ;
    rdfs:label "in a changed voice or register"@en,
        "voix changée"@fr ;
    :region "M_form" .

:WS_Arabic a :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:label "writing system of the Arabic language"@en ;
    :ofLanguage :Lang_Arabic ;
    :region "Φ" ;
    :usesScript :Script_Arab .

:WS_EnglishBraille a :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:label "Unified English Braille"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.11: a writing system of English in its own right (Spitzmüller 2025: 'there is no unified braille writing system', only braille writing systems such as UEB and German Braille), based on print English but not subordinate to it. In contracted mode ⠯ is a grapheme of UEB standing for the word form 'and': a logogram."@en ;
    :basedOnWritingSystem :WS_English ;
    :hasWritingMode :ContractedMode,
        :UncontractedMode ;
    :ofLanguage :Lang_English ;
    :region "Φ" ;
    :usesScript :Script_Brai .

:WS_EnglishPitman a :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:label "Pitman shorthand (English)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.11: largely phonographic (it writes sounds and ignores English spelling), hence a writing system of English distinct from print English; no Unicode script, so no :usesScript."@en ;
    :ofLanguage :Lang_English ;
    :region "Φ" .

:WS_French a :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:label "French writing system"@en,
        "système d'écriture du français"@fr ;
    :ofLanguage :Lang_French ;
    :region "Φ" ;
    :usesScript :Script_Latn .

:WS_German a :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:label "German writing system"@en ;
    :ofLanguage :Lang_German ;
    :region "Φ" ;
    :usesScript :Script_Latn .

:WS_Hebrew a :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:label "writing system of the Hebrew language"@en ;
    :ofLanguage :Lang_Hebrew ;
    :region "Φ" ;
    :usesScript :Script_Hebr .

:WS_Japanese a :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:label "Japanese writing system"@en ;
    :ofLanguage :Lang_Japanese ;
    :region "Φ" ;
    :scriptIsDistinctive true ;
    :usesScript :Script_Hani,
        :Script_Hira,
        :Script_Kana,
        :Script_Latn .

:WS_Mandarin a :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:label "Mandarin Chinese writing system"@en ;
    :ofLanguage :Lang_Mandarin ;
    :region "Φ" ;
    :usesScript :Script_Hani .

:WS_MonotonicGreek a :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:label "monotonic Greek writing system"@en ;
    :ofLanguage :Lang_MonotonicGreek ;
    :region "Φ" ;
    :usesScript :Script_Grek .

:WS_Persian a :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:label "Persian writing system"@en ;
    :ofLanguage :Lang_Persian ;
    :region "Φ" ;
    :usesScript :Script_Arab .

:WS_PolytonicGreek a :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:label "polytonic Greek writing system"@en ;
    :ofLanguage :Lang_PolytonicGreek ;
    :region "Φ" ;
    :usesScript :Script_Grek .

:WS_Russian a :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:label "Russian writing system"@en ;
    :ofLanguage :Lang_Russian ;
    :region "Φ" ;
    :usesScript :Script_Cyrl .

:WS_Serbian a :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:label "Serbian writing system"@en ;
    :ofLanguage :Lang_Serbian ;
    :region "Φ" ;
    :scriptIsDistinctive false ;
    :usesScript :Script_Cyrl,
        :Script_Latn .

:WS_Turkish a :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:label "Turkish writing system"@en ;
    :ofLanguage :Lang_Turkish ;
    :region "Φ" ;
    :usesScript :Script_Latn .

:WaxTablet a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "wax tablet (pugillares)"@en,
        "tablette de cire"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 and Glossary." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :Tablet ;
    skos:definition "A wooden board with recessed wax writing surface, inscribed with a pointed stylus and erased with its flat end; pugillares from pugnus, 'fist' — a one-hand-held surface, like the modern e-reader."@en ;
    :affords :Amendability,
        :OneHandedUse,
        :Portability ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:WholeParagraphBlock a :BlockRole ;
    rdfs:label "whole-paragraph block"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:WordDocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Word document (.docx, OOXML)"@en,
        "document Word"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "ISO/IEC 29500 (Office Open XML); editorial (v0.5.15, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "w:lastRenderedPageBreak records where pages broke at the last rendering: a trace, not a commitment. Bookmarks (w:bookmarkStart...w:bookmarkEnd) are locations with extent (:spansTo); PAGEREF fields store their last computed value in the file, stale until the fields are updated -- disagreeing references frozen into the source."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :FormFixedToPageGeometry ;
            owl:onProperty :formFixedAt ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :DerivedMakeUp ;
            owl:onProperty :makeUpMode ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :StandardizedFormat ;
            owl:onProperty :formatDocumentation ],
        :MarkupDocument ;
    skos:definition "An Office Open XML word-processing document: content in document.xml (footnotes in their own part, linked by w:footnoteReference), a concrete visual grammar in styles.xml (:carriesGrammar), page size and margins in w:sectPr. It fixes page geometry only: lines and pages are recomputed at every opening, and the same file paginates differently on two machines. Not a rich digital book."@en ;
    :region "C_form" ;
    :remediates :AuthorsCopy .

:WorkTitleElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "title of the work"@en,
        "titre de l'ouvrage"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 24, 55–79." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "The work's title(s), historically mutable; analyzed into primary title / secondary title / subtitle (p. 56), thematic vs rhematic function (p. 79 — 'What is the name of this book?'), and terminal title (p. 65, Debussy)."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:WrappedBackBinding a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "wrapped back binding"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :BindingMethod ;
    skos:definition "Chinese binding (13th–17th c.): sheets folded outward, pegged, spine-glued, wrapped in a stout paper cover; the first perfect (glue-based) binding."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:XSLFODocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "XSL-FO document"@en,
        "document XSL-FO"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "W3C, Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) 1.1, 2006; editorial (v0.5.16, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Withdrawn in v0.5.16: :FormattingSpecification (v0.5.15), of which this was the stored case. In TeX the equivalent (the main vertical list with its inserts and marks) exists only in memory."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf fabio:DigitalItem ;
    skos:definition "The output of an XSLT stylesheet: every unit of the encoded text given its formatting object (fo:footnote, fo:block) and its values, before layout. It carries the book's concrete grammar expanded unit by unit (:carriesGrammar); the expansion adds nothing to the grammar but the deviations, which :DirectFormatting records. Not a stage of its own in the model."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:XSLFOStylesheet a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "XSLT stylesheet producing XSL-FO"@en,
        "feuille de style XSLT vers XSL-FO"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.5.16: a source of both grammars at once: its templates bind a markup vocabulary's labels to formatting objects (note → fo:footnote: abstract), its parameters give values (body.font.master, footnote.font.size: concrete)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :GrammarSourceFile ;
    :region "C_form" .

:acceptability a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "acceptability"@en,
        "acceptabilité"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Judgement ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    skos:definition "A graded value in [0,1], instead of a boolean one: a speaker's acceptability rating, a model's probability. A credence or a score, as :probability is on a correspondence."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:addressedTo a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "addressed to"@en ;
    rdfs:range :ParatextAddressee ;
    skos:definition "Primary functional addressee; may carry several values diachronically (the half title: producer-facing protection, then retail identification, then readerly threshold)."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:admissionCondition a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "admission condition"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :BasicShapeAdmission ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "A condition on the admission, stated in words ('non-final position', 'italic only', 'in display type')."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:admitsShape a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "admits shape"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :BasicShapeAdmission ;
    rdfs:range :BasicShape ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:admittedFor a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "admitted for"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :BasicShapeAdmission ;
    rdfs:range :Grapheme ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:admittedFrom a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "admitted from"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :BasicShapeAdmission ;
    rdfs:range xsd:gYear ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:admittedUntil a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "admitted until"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :BasicShapeAdmission ;
    rdfs:range xsd:gYear ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:advanceHeight a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "advance height"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.12); OpenType vmtx." ;
    rdfs:domain :Glyph ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    skos:definition "The advance of the glyph in a vertical myph sequence (OpenType vmtx), in units of the em."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:advanceWidth a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "advance width"@en,
        "chasse"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.12, after Haralambous); OpenType hmtx." ;
    rdfs:domain :Glyph ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    skos:definition "How far the glyph moves the pen in a horizontal myph sequence, in units of the em (OpenType hmtx), so that a myph's actual advance is this value at the myph's :hasFontSize (and, in a variable font, at its :AxisSetting values). Zero for most combining marks. With the myphs' displacements, it is what makes absolute positions derivable."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:affords a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "affords"@en ;
    rdfs:range :Affordance ;
    skos:definition "Relates a carrier form (punned individual) or an individual book to a use pattern its structure enables."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:afterUnit a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "after unit"@en,
        "après l'unité"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Location ;
    rdfs:range :LinguisticUnit ;
    skos:definition "The unit the location immediately follows, at the level chosen."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:anchorPosition a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "anchor position"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :TypesetAnchor ;
    rdfs:range :PagePosition ;
    :region "C_form" .

:appearsOn a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "appears on"@en,
        "figure sur"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "Relates a peritext element to the physical location (cover panel, page, flap, band...) that bears it — Genette's 'where?'."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:appliedFeature a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "applied feature"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :MyphSequence ;
    rdfs:range :FontFeature ;
    skos:definition "A feature applied when the sequence was shaped, either by default for its language system (locl, liga, kern, the Arabic positional forms) or at the request of the concrete presentation grammar (smcp, onum, a stylistic set), in which case it realizes a :ConcreteSetting."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:appliesGrammar a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "applies grammar"@en,
        "applique la grammaire"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :TypesettingProcess :CompositionProcess :MakeUpProcess :NarrationProcess ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :ConcretePresentationGrammar ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:used ;
    :region "C_form" .

:appliesTo a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "applies to"@en,
        "s'applique à"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :PresentationGrammarRule ;
    skos:definition "The kind of unit a rule governs: a class of the linguistic book (a peritext element class such as :NoteElement, or :BodyPart for the main text), used as an individual by OWL 2 punning, as :CodexBook is for affordances. The class is the element's nature; its properties (a heading's level, a note's callout) are the rule's parameters."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:appliesToPage a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "applies to page"@en,
        "s'applique à la page"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :PageLevelSetting ;
    rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :TypesetPage :TextFrame ) ] ;
    :region "C_form" .

:appliesToUnit a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "applies to unit"@en,
        "s'applique à l'unité"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :DirectFormatting ;
    rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :EncodedDivision :EncodedParagraph :EncodedPeritextElement :CharacterString ) ] ;
    :region "C_form" .

:appliesTransform a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "applies transform"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Myph ;
    rdfs:range :GeometricTransform ;
    :region "C_form" .

:assignedNumber a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "assigned number"@en,
        "numéro attribué"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :TypesetAnchor ;
    rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
    skos:definition "The number the typesetting process's counters assigned to the unit this anchor belongs to (section 5, note 12): the value a :ByNumber reference must agree with."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:atLevel a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "at collation level"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :LevelDirection ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    :region "Φ" .

:axisDefault a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "axis default"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :DesignAxis ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    :region "C_form" .

:axisMax a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "axis maximum"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :DesignAxis ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    :region "C_form" .

:axisMin a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "axis minimum"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :DesignAxis ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    :region "C_form" .

:axisTag a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "axis tag"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :DesignAxis ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The four-character axis tag, e.g. 'wght', 'wdth', 'opsz', 'slnt'."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:basedOnWritingSystem a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "based on writing system"@en,
        "fondé sur le système d'écriture"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Spitzmüller 2025 (braille 'not in any way semiotically subordinate'); editorial (v0.6.11)." ;
    rdfs:domain :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:range :WritingSystem ;
    skos:definition "Historical dependence of one writing system on another of the same language (Unified English Braille on print English), without subordination: the dependent system relates its marks to the language in its own way."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:beforeUnit a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "before unit"@en,
        "avant l'unité"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Location ;
    rdfs:range :LinguisticUnit ;
    skos:definition "The unit the location immediately precedes, at the level chosen."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:blockRole a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "block role"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Correspondence ;
    rdfs:range :BlockRole ;
    skos:definition "On a block-level :Realization with exactly one source block: that block's role in the paragraph it realizes. The paragraph's blocks are the sources of the realizations sharing its target within one act."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:bookParts a rdf:Seq ;
    rdfs:label "book parts"@en,
        "parties du livre"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 85." ;
    rdf:_1 :FrontPart ;
    rdf:_2 :BodyPart ;
    rdf:_3 :BackPart ;
    rdfs:member :BackPart,
        :BodyPart,
        :FrontPart ;
    :region "Λ" .

:breakAlteration a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "break alteration"@en,
        "altération à la coupure"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :HyphenationRegime ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "A change of spelling at the break, stated as a rule ('ck → k-k', German before 1996; 'ssz → sz-sz', Hungarian; 'ï → i at the start of the second fragment', Dutch). Where it applies, the grapheme string does not stay whole across the break."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:breaksAt a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "breaks at"@en,
        "coupe à"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :TypesetLine ;
    rdfs:range :HyphenationPoint ;
    skos:definition "The hyphenation point at which this line breaks the word form it ends with. The line's last myph is then usually a hyphen that renders no character."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:carries a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "carries"@en,
        "porte"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw <<physical-book>> (physical-book ***carries forms)." ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalBook ;
    rdfs:range :CarriedForm ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:carriesGrammar a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "carries grammar"@en,
        "porte sa grammaire"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.15)." ;
    rdfs:domain fabio:DigitalItem ;
    rdfs:range :ConcretePresentationGrammar ;
    skos:definition "A file that carries a book's concrete visual grammar: Word's styles.xml, InDesign's styles, a LaTeX preamble, an HTML <style> element, or an XSL-FO document, which carries it expanded unit by unit. The grammar still belongs to the digital-form corner by what it specifies; only its container is the content file."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:casePosition a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "case position"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Matrix ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The matrix's row and column in its matrix case, the address the ribbon's perforations select."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:castFrom a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "cast from"@en,
        "fondu dans"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Sort ;
    rdfs:range :Matrix ;
    :region "M_form" .

:castFromRibbon a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "cast from ribbon"@en,
        "fondu d'après le ruban"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Galley ;
    rdfs:range :MonotypeRibbon ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :producedMechanically ;
    skos:definition "The mechanical transition of Monotype composition: the caster, reading the ribbon with compressed air, casts and assembles the sorts of each line. No reading event."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:chanceResolvedAt a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "chance resolved at"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Didascalia ;
    rdfs:range :ChanceResolution ;
    :region "Λ" .

:collatesUnit a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "collates unit"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :CollationRegime ;
    rdfs:range :CollationElement ;
    :region "Φ" .

:collationContraction a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "collation contraction"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :CollationElement ;
    rdfs:range rdf:Seq ;
    skos:definition "Several graphemes weighted AS one element (UTS #10 contraction): old Spanish (c, h) -> ch, sorted after c; its ABSENCE is the 1994 reform (ch sorts as c then h). The Arabic lam-alif has NO contraction — it is decomposed to (lam, alif), the same decomposition its Unicode presentation form U+FEFB carries (a compatibility decomposition to U+0644 U+0627): the encoding mirrors the collation."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:collationExpansion a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "collation expansion"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :CollationElement ;
    rdfs:range rdf:Seq ;
    skos:definition "One element weighted AS a sequence of others (UTS #10 expansion): German ä -> (a, e) in DIN 5007-2."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:columnIndex a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "column index"@en,
        "rang de colonne"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :TableCell ;
    rdfs:range xsd:positiveInteger ;
    skos:definition "The first column the cell occupies, counted from 1 in the writing direction of the table's language."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:columnSpan a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "column span"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :TableCell ;
    rdfs:range xsd:positiveInteger ;
    skos:definition "Number of columns the cell spans (default 1): a spanner head over several column heads."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:comparisonDirection a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "comparison direction"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :LevelDirection ;
    rdfs:range :WritingDirection ;
    :region "Φ" .

:composedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "composed from"@en,
        "composé d'après"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :Galley :MonotypeRibbon ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :MarkedCopy ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :producedThroughReading ;
    :region "M_form" .

:composesCopy a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "composes copy"@en,
        "compose la copie"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :CompositionProcess ;
    rdfs:range :MarkedCopy ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:used ;
    :region "M_form" .

:compositionMethod a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "composition method"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :CompositionProcess ;
    rdfs:range :CompositionMethod ;
    :region "M_form" .

:concernsFeature a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "concerns feature"@en,
        "porte sur le trait"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Didascalia ;
    rdfs:range :PresentationFeature ;
    skos:definition "A kind of feature the didascalia directs, value-free: position, size, typeface, colour, orientation, timing on a screen, voice in a sounding book. Optional: the text of the didascalia is what directs; this property only indexes it."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:conjugateOf a owl:IrreflexiveProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:SymmetricProperty ;
    rdfs:label "conjugate of"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1." ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalLeaf ;
    rdfs:range :PhysicalLeaf ;
    skos:definition "Relates two leaves still physically attached because they derive from the same folded sheet; conjugacy ends when the fold is slit."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:containsCharacter a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "contains character"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :CharacterString ;
    rdfs:range :UnicodeCharacter ;
    skos:definition "A character type occurring in the string. Types, not parts: the order and repetitions are in :stringValue."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:containsGlyph a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "contains glyph"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Font ;
    rdfs:range :Glyph ;
    owl:inverseOf :inFont ;
    skos:definition "A font is a depository of glyphs (shape + glyph ID + optical size), kerning pairs, and ligature glyphs — the class-level material the document instantiates."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:containsSort a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "contains sort"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ComposedLine ;
    rdfs:range :Sort ;
    :region "M_form" .

:copyEditedFrom a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "copy-edited from"@en,
        "préparée à partir de"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :MarkedCopy ;
    rdfs:range :AuthorsCopy ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :producedThroughReading ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:copyMedium a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "copy medium"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :MaterialBookByContents ;
    rdfs:range :CopyMedium ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:corrFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "corresponds from"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Correspondence ;
    :region "Φ" .

:corrTo a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "corresponds to"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Correspondence ;
    :region "Φ" .

:correspondenceWithin a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "correspondence within"@en,
        "correspondance dans"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "Scopes an interpretive correspondence (:Realization graph↔grapheme; :GlyphIdentification graph↔myph, machine only) to the interpretive act -- a human or a machine reading event -- in which it holds. Every such correspondence has exactly one (:CorrespondenceContextShape); resident correspondences (encoding, rendering, materialization, ligature decomposition, kerning) have none. Replaces the v0.5 pair :correspondenceWithinReadingEvent / :correspondenceWithinAttribution (v0.5.2); :Attribution itself retired in v0.5.3. Named apart from module 6's :withinReadingEvent (domain :GenerationProcess)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Correspondence ;
    rdfs:range :InterpretiveAct ;
    :region "Φ" .

:coverParts a rdf:Seq ;
    rdfs:label "cover parts"@en,
        "parties de la couverture"@fr ;
    rdf:_1 :FrontFlap ;
    rdf:_2 :FrontPanel ;
    rdf:_3 :SpinePanel ;
    rdf:_4 :BackPanel ;
    rdf:_5 :BackFlap ;
    rdfs:comment "Ordered parts of cover and dust jacket alike (librorum.nw contains-ordered); the paperback's flaps are the gatefold / French flaps (CMOS 1.70)."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:coversGrapheme a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "covers grapheme"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Myph ;
    rdfs:range :Grapheme ;
    skos:definition "The occurrence-level graphemes a (ligature) myph covers in this word — the compiled shortcut of the path subshape→character→grapheme, used by the intramorphemic-ligature shape (§5.11). Distinct from the type-level glyph↔character ligature decomposition. Occurrence-level because morpheme membership is a property of grapheme occurrences in a word, not of abstract graphemes."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:cutFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "cut from"@en,
        "gravé d'après"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Cut ;
    rdfs:range :Artwork ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :producedFrom ;
    skos:definition "The artwork a cut reproduces. Mechanical (photomechanical) for line blocks and halftones; through reading for a wood engraving, in which an engraver copies the drawing by hand. Hence only :producedFrom, the kind being recorded on the process when it matters."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:decreedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "decreed by"@en ;
    rdfs:range :RegulatingAuthority ;
    skos:definition "Relates an orthography, orthographeme, or collation regime to the authority that decreed it (optionally through a dated :Decree via prov:wasGeneratedBy)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:derivedFromSource a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "derived from source"@en,
        "tirée de la source"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :AbstractPresentationGrammar :ConcretePresentationGrammar ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :GrammarSource ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:wasDerivedFrom ;
    skos:definition "A source file the book's grammar was drawn from; provenance, recorded when one cares."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:didascaliaLanguage a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "didascalia language"@en,
        "langue de la didascalie"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Didascalia ;
    rdfs:range :Language ;
    :region "Λ" .

:didascalicAttestation a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "didascalic attestation"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Didascalia ;
    rdfs:range :DidascalicAttestation ;
    :region "Λ" .

:didascalicMode a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "didascalic mode"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Didascalia ;
    rdfs:range :DidascalicMode ;
    :region "Λ" .

:didascalicText a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "didascalic text"@en,
        "texte de la didascalie"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Didascalia ;
    rdfs:range rdf:langString ;
    skos:definition "The words of the didascalia, with their language tag; their language need not be that of the text they direct."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:discursiveIndependence a rdf:Property ;
    rdfs:label "discursive independence (deprecated)"@en ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    :region "Λ" .

:drawsBasicShape a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "draws basic shape"@en,
        "dessine la forme de base"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.13, after Haralambous); Rezec 2009." ;
    rdfs:domain :Glyph ;
    rdfs:range :BasicShape ;
    skos:definition "The basic shape a glyph is a design of. A type designer draws basic shapes, not graphemes: a font's kappa and kappa-symbol glyphs draw |κ| and |ϰ|, and which grapheme each serves depends on the writing system. Normally one per glyph; the subshapes of a ligature glyph each draw one."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:drawsImage a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "draws image"@en,
        "dessine l'image"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :PlacedImage ;
    rdfs:range :ImageFile ;
    skos:definition "The image file a placed image was drawn from, when known; a PDF usually embeds the image data and keeps no link to the file."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:earlierMember a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "earlier member"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ScopePrecedence ;
    rdfs:range :LinguisticUnit ;
    :region "Λ" .

:elementFor a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "collation element for"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :CollationElement ;
    skos:definition "The grapheme(s)/orthographeme(s) this element sorts; several for a contraction (ch for <c><h>)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:embodiesTypeface a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "embodies typeface"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Font ;
    rdfs:range :Typeface ;
    :region "C_form" .

:embossedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "embossed from"@en,
        "embossé à partir de"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalBook ;
    rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :BrailleFormDocument :BraillePlate ) ] ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :producedMechanically ;
    skos:definition "A braille volume raised, not pierced, by an embosser from a braille form file, or pressed from embossed plates."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:encodesGrapheme a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "encodes grapheme"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Reifies as an edge what was previously only prose (the Unicode character as a coded abstraction over graphemes)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :UnicodeCharacter ;
    rdfs:range :Grapheme ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :encodes ;
    :region "Φ" .

:encodesPhoneme a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "encodes phoneme"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :UnicodeCharacter ;
    rdfs:range :Phoneme ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :encodes ;
    skos:definition "An IPA character in a written-out pronunciation encodes a phoneme, as a character of the text encodes a grapheme."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:entryPosition a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "entry position"@en,
        "rang de l'entrée"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :ListEntry ;
    rdfs:range xsd:positiveInteger ;
    skos:definition "The place of the entry in its list, counted from 1: a fact of the linear order of the text, which a number label renders."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:eventOfItem a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "event of item"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ReadingEvent ;
    rdfs:range fabio:Item ;
    :region "Φ" .

:expectedToPrecede a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    rdfs:label "expected to precede"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Division ;
    rdfs:range :Division ;
    skos:definition "Content unit A is expected to be read before content unit B (a prerequisite/dependency edge). Transitive; its transitive reduction is the textbook's chapter-dependency diagram. A partial order: unrelated units may be read in either order."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:expressesReadingOrder a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "expresses reading order"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ReadingItinerary ;
    rdfs:range :ExpectedReadingOrder ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:fallbackPlacement a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "fallback placement"@en,
        "placement de repli"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.9, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:domain :VisualGrammarRule ;
    rdfs:range :ScopePlacement ;
    skos:definition "Where the item goes when the placement the rule prescribes cannot be met ('at the head of the next page if there is room enough, otherwise on a page of its own'). Whether there is room is found by the typesetting process; the abstract grammar states only the order of preference and holds no value."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:featureTag a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "feature tag"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :FontFeature ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    :region "C_form" .

:firstMyph a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "first myph"@en,
        "premier myphe"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :MyphSequence ;
    rdfs:range :Myph ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :containsMyph ;
    skos:definition "The myph that stands at the sequence's origin."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:firstWord a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "first word"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalPage ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "Convenience property: the first word token of the page's first line of body text; derived — materialize before validation."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:fixationRank a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "fixation rank"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :FormFixation ;
    rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
    :region "C_form" .

:foldedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "folded from"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalLeaf ;
    rdfs:range :PhysicalSheet ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:followsGrammar a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "follows grammar"@en,
        "suit la grammaire"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.16, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :DigitalBookByContents :MaterialBookByContents ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :AbstractPresentationGrammar ;
    skos:definition "The abstract visual grammar in force for the book this encoded text is: where its global layout is decided. Not a property of :Book (the Expression): placement is not linguistic, and two editions of one Expression may follow different grammars."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:forAxis a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "for axis"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :AxisSetting ;
    rdfs:range :DesignAxis ;
    :region "C_form" .

:forFoldingFormat a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "for folding format"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Forme ;
    rdfs:range :FoldingFormat ;
    skos:definition "The folding format the imposition serves (folio, quarto, octavo...): where production meets the carrier's gathering structure."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:forMarkup a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "for markup"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :VisualGrammarRule ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "Optionally, the markup name(s) the rule is keyed to when the grammar is bound to one markup vocabulary ('footnote', 'note[@place=margin]')."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:forScope a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "for scope"@en,
        "pour la portée"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.9: range :ScopeKind (was a class named by punning, which could not tell a location between paragraphs from a location inside one)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :VisualGrammarRule ;
    rdfs:range :ScopeKind ;
    skos:definition "Optionally, the kind of scope a rule is for, when the placement of an annotating element depends on what it annotates (after Haralambous): an illustration whose scope is a location between paragraphs may be set exactly there, one whose scope is a location inside a paragraph at the end of that paragraph, one attached to the whole book as a frontispiece."@en ;
    skos:example "Three rules of one grammar: forScope :LocationBetweenParagraphs, prescribesFeature :AtItsLocation; forScope :LocationInParagraph, prescribesFeature :AtEndOfParagraph; forScope :LocationScope, prescribesFeature :AtHeadOfNextPage, fallbackPlacement :OnPageOfItsOwn ('on top of the first page after the location, if there is room enough')."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:fragmentIndex a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "fragment index"@en ;
    rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:generatedDuring a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "generated during"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PixelBook ;
    rdfs:range :ReadingEvent ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:wasGeneratedBy ;
    :region "Φ" .

:graphOfMyph a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "graph of myph"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The graph is the mark printed or displayed from this placed myph: a fact of production (:Materialization), not of perception -- a reader perceives ink or light, never the myph. Where a MACHINE reading event must identify which myph (hence which :Glyph and :UnicodeCharacter) a degraded mark in a scan is, use a weighted :Correspondence of type :GlyphIdentification scoped to that event (v0.5.5)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Graph ;
    rdfs:range :Myph ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :materializationOf ;
    :region "Φ" .

:groundedIn a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "grounded in"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Orthographeme ;
    skos:definition "The graphematic or graphetic unit an orthographeme keys on: a :Grapheme (collation), a :BasicShape or ligature (pedagogy). The choice of layer is what makes the two application-inventories diverge."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:hasAppearanceTiming a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has appearance timing"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 174–175 (preface timing), generalised to all paratext (pp. 5–6)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Optional. Absence is read as :OriginalAppearance — the element appeared at the book's publication, the trivial default. A value is asserted only to record a departure: :LaterAppearance, :DelayedAppearance, or :PosthumousAppearance for a paratext element that entered the work after its first publication."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ParatextElement ;
    rdfs:range :AppearanceTiming ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:hasAuthenticity a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has authenticity"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 181." ;
    rdfs:range :Authenticity ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:hasAxisSetting a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has axis setting"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Myph ;
    rdfs:range :AxisSetting ;
    skos:definition "The variable-font instance a myph selects: the per-axis values (including the optical-size value) fixing this placed occurrence within the glyph's design space. So in a variable font the optical correction is carried here, on the myph, not by instantiating a distinct glyph."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasBaseColor a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has base color"@en,
        "a la couleur de base"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw <<physical-book>> (support ***has base-color; DISJOINT(base-color, distinctive-color))." ;
    rdfs:domain :MaterialSupport ;
    skos:definition "The ground color of the support, against which forms are carried in a distinctive color; base and distinctive colors are disjoint in function."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasBasicShape a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has basic shape"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Rezec 2009; Haralambous & Dürst 2019, §2.1." ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.13: the timeless shortcut of :BasicShapeAdmission, which adds a period, a condition and a source."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Grapheme ;
    rdfs:range :BasicShape ;
    skos:definition "A basic shape (allograph cluster) by which this grapheme is realized in its writing system; non-functional (|a| and |ɑ| both realize <a>). The inverse is one shape to many graphemes across writing systems: the dotless-i basic shape is a :hasBasicShape of both French <i> and Turkish <ı>."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:hasBidiClass a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has bidirectional class"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm, UAX #9 (Davis 2019); Haralambous & Dürst 2019, §4.4." ;
    rdfs:domain :UnicodeCharacter ;
    rdfs:range :UnicodeBidiClass ;
    skos:definition "The character's directional type for the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm (UAX #9): strong (L, R, AL), weak (EN, ES, ET, AN, CS, NSM, BN), neutral (B, S, WS, ON), and the explicit formatting controls."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:hasBinding a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has binding"@en,
        "a pour reliure"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalBook ;
    rdfs:range :BindingMethod ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasBitmap a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has bitmap"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :RasterShape ;
    rdfs:range xsd:anyURI ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasBlock a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has block"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :UnicodeCharacter ;
    rdfs:range :UnicodeBlock ;
    skos:definition "The contiguous code-point Block a character sits in (Basic Latin, Arabic, ...). Open code list."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:hasCallout a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has callout (indicator)"@en,
        "avec appel"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 321." ;
    rdfs:domain :NoteElement ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:hasCaption a owl:InverseFunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has caption"@en,
        "a pour légende"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :Illustration :Table ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :Caption ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hasCase a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has case"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :UnicodeCharacter ;
    rdfs:range :LetterCase ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:hasCatchword a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has catchword"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalPage ;
    rdfs:range :Catchword ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:hasCodePoint a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has code point"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :UnicodeCharacter ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:hasCollationWeight a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has collation weight"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :CollationElement ;
    rdfs:range :CollationWeight ;
    :region "Φ" .

:hasCombiningClass a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has canonical combining class"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Unicode 12.0 §4.3; Haralambous & Dürst 2019, §4.4." ;
    rdfs:domain :UnicodeCharacter ;
    rdfs:range xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
    skos:definition "The canonical combining class (ccc), 0-254, used by normalization to order combining marks (0 = not reordered, 230 = above, 220 = below, ...). The paper's '54 classes of combining characters by diacritic position' are the named ccc values."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:hasContour a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has contour"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Serialization of the outline (e.g. an SVG-path / font-outline spec); the curve data is carried as a string, not expanded into RDF."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :VectorShape ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasCorrespondenceType a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has correspondence type"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Correspondence ;
    rdfs:range :CorrespondenceType ;
    :region "Φ" .

:hasDesignAxis a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has design axis"@en ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :Font :Glyph ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :DesignAxis ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasDiscursiveRole a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has discursive role"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Dingbat ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The conventional textual function a dingbat performs in context (verse separator, section divider, list bullet, emphasis, end-of-text mark)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:hasEmbeddingLevel a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "embedding level"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :DirectionalRun ;
    rdfs:range xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
    skos:definition "The bidi embedding level (even = LTR context, odd = RTL context); a child run's level is deeper than its parent's."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:hasEntry a owl:InverseFunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has entry"@en,
        "a pour entrée"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :List ;
    rdfs:range :ListEntry ;
    skos:definition "An entry of the list; an entry belongs to one list."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hasExpectedReadingOrder a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has expected reading order"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A book may project more than one (a textbook: a short course and a full course), so this is NOT functional; concrete alternatives are :SuggestedReadingPath."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Book ;
    rdfs:range :ExpectedReadingOrder ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:hasFeature a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has feature"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :LanguageSystem ;
    rdfs:range :FontFeature ;
    skos:definition "A feature the font makes available under this language system."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasFoldingFormat a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has folding format"@en ;
    rdfs:range :FoldingFormat ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasFontSize a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has font size"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Myph ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    skos:definition "The 'instance' font size: the mechanical point-size adjustment of this occurrence, distinct from the glyph's designed :hasOpticalSize."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasGeneralCategory a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has general category"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Unicode 12.0 §4.5; Haralambous & Dürst 2019, §4.3." ;
    rdfs:domain :UnicodeCharacter ;
    rdfs:range :UnicodeGeneralCategory ;
    skos:definition "The mandatory normative Unicode property (U§4.5) grouping characters by software-facing role; its finality differs from the linguistic :GraphemeClass (e.g. the logograms &, @, % fall under Po, emojis under So)."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:hasGeneratedProportion a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has generated proportion"@en,
        "a une proportion générée"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.3), absorbing the memorandum's labeling theme." ;
    rdfs:comment "This is the ontological form of the platforms' 'proportion of AI-generated content' label: a derived provenance annotation, not a moral category."@en ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    skos:definition "The proportion (0–1) of a book's content produced by generation processes; a provenance summary statistic, attachable at Expression or Item level."@en ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:hasGlyphID a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has glyph ID"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Glyph ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The font-internal identifier of the glyph."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasGraphemeClass a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has grapheme class"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Grapheme ;
    rdfs:range :GraphemeClass ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:hasHyphenationPoint a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has hyphenation point"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Hyphenation ;
    rdfs:range :HyphenationPoint ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hasKerningPair a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has kerning pair"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Font ;
    rdfs:range :KerningPair ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasLabel a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:InverseFunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has label"@en,
        "a pour étiquette"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :ListEntry ;
    rdfs:range :ListLabel ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hasLanguageSystem a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has language system"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Font ;
    rdfs:range :LanguageSystem ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasLevel a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has level"@en ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 88; CMOS 17, §1.56." ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :DivisionHeader :AudioDivisionHeader :Subhead ) ] ;
    rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hasLevelDirection a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has level direction"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :CollationRegime ;
    rdfs:range :LevelDirection ;
    skos:definition "Per-level comparison direction (UTS #10 'backward levels'). French compares the SECONDARY level backward (from the word's end), giving cote < coté < côte < côté."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:hasLine a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has line"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Bridge property physical page → visual line, used by the emptiness and widow shapes."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalPage ;
    rdfs:range :VisualLine ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:hasLookup a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has lookup"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :FontFeature ;
    rdfs:range :Lookup ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasMappingType a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has mapping type"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :GraphemeMapping ;
    rdfs:range :GraphemeMappingType ;
    :region "Φ" .

:hasMorpheme a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has morpheme"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :WordForm ;
    rdfs:range :Morpheme ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hasMyphColor a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has myph colour"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Myph ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasNarrator a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has narrator"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :NarrationProcess ;
    rdfs:range foaf:Agent ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:hasNotePlacement a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has placement"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 320." ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.5.14: a shorthand for the placement this note receives under the grammar in force. Asserted on the note itself it records an authorial decision about placement (Finnegans Wake ch. X, noted in both margins and at the foot), i.e. the author choosing the grammar."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :NoteElement ;
    rdfs:range :NotePlacement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:hasNumberEntry a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has number entry"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "NOT functional and NOT required: zero, one, or several entries per page."@en ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :PhysicalPage :TypesetPage ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :PageNumberEntry ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasNumericValue a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has numeric value"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :UnicodeCharacter ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The numeric value of a character with a numeric property (Nd/Nl/No), as a string because Unicode admits fractions (e.g. '1/2', '3', '10000'); :hasGeneralCategory records which numeric subtype."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:hasORCIDidentifier a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has ORCID identifier"@en ;
    rdfs:domain foaf:Person ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    :region "Ontology metadata" .

:hasOnymityRegime a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has onymity regime"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :AuthorNameElement ;
    rdfs:range :OnymityRegime ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:hasOpticalSize a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has optical size"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Glyph ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    skos:definition "The 'class' font size: the size the glyph is designed for. An optical-size change is modeled as instantiating a different glyph, not as rescaling a myph — which keeps the class/instance split intact for optical fonts. In a VARIABLE font, however, optical size is instead one design axis (:DesignAxis, tag 'opsz'), and the value chosen at a placement is a myph-level :AxisSetting rather than a distinct glyph -- so there the optical correction is a myph property (point 7)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasOversetText a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has overset text"@en,
        "texte en excédent"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :TextFrame ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    skos:definition "The last frame of a story cannot hold the rest of the text: the authored page refuses the text. Impossible where pages are derived."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasPage a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has page"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalBook ;
    rdfs:range :PhysicalPage ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:hasPageNumber a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has page number"@en,
        "a pour numéro de page"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw <<physical-book>>; CMOS 17, §1.6." ;
    rdfs:comment "Shorthand for the value of the page's PRIMARY :PageNumberEntry. No longer functional: a page may bear zero (an unnumbered blank between sections, as in a Budé facing-page edition), one (the ordinary case), or several page numbers (a facsimile preserving original and reprint numberings). The 99.999% norm is recovered as :SinglePageNumberShape, a reportable convention, not an axiom. CMOS 17, §1.6: all pages counted whether or not the number is printed (blind folio); visibility is :hasVisibleFolio."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalPage ;
    rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasPaperColor a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "hat die Papierfarbe"@de,
        "ἔχει τὸ χρῶμα χαρτιοῦ"@el,
        "has paper color"@en,
        "a la couleur de papier"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Paper ;
    rdfs:range :PaperColor ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasPaperColorName a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "hat den Namen"@de,
        "ἔχει τὸ ὄνομα χρώματος"@el,
        "has name"@en,
        "a le nom"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :PaperColor ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasPaperColorRGBValue a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "hat den RGB-Wert"@de,
        "ἔχει τὴν τιμὴ RGB χρώματος"@el,
        "has RGB value"@en,
        "a la valeur RVB"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :PaperColor ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasPaperType a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "ist vom Typ"@de,
        "εἶναι τύπου"@el,
        "has type"@en,
        "est de type"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Paper ;
    rdfs:range :PaperType ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasPaperWeight a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "hat ein Gewicht von"@de,
        "εἶναι βάρους"@el,
        "has weight (grammage)"@en,
        "a comme grammage"@fr ;
    qudt:hasUnit unit:GM-PER-M2 ;
    rdfs:domain :Paper ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasParentRun a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has parent run"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :DirectionalRun ;
    rdfs:range :DirectionalRun ;
    skos:definition "The enclosing run. Its presence is exactly what disambiguates 'L1 A1 L2': if A1's run has the L1+L2 run as :hasParentRun it is EMBEDDED; if the three runs share one parent they are SIBLINGS at a single level."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:hasPhoneme a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has phoneme"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Pronunciation ;
    rdfs:range :Phoneme ;
    skos:definition "Optionally, the phoneme individuals of the pronunciation, where the phonological system is modelled."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hasPrefaceStance a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has stance"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 185." ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :Preface :Postface ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :PrefaceStance ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:hasPreviousPage a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has previous page"@en ;
    owl:inverseOf :hasNextPage ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasProductionStatus a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has production status"@en,
        "a pour statut de production"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.3)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Optional; the unmarked case is :AuthoredProduction. States a claim about the text, to be held consistent with its surrounding provenance — but deliberately separable from it, so that a text with a generation history (positive :hasGeneratedProportion) may still be claimed :AuthoredProduction, and vice versa."@en ;
    rdfs:domain fabio:Expression ;
    rdfs:range :ProductionStatus ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:hasPrompt a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has prompt"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :GenerationProcess ;
    rdfs:range :Prompt ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:used ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:hasReader a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has reader"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ReadingEvent ;
    rdfs:range foaf:Agent ;
    :region "Φ" .

:hasReadingStratum a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has reading stratum"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Division ;
    rdfs:range :ReadingStratum ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:hasReferenceType a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has reference type"@en,
        "a pour type de renvoi"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Reference ;
    rdfs:range :ReferenceType ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hasRule a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has rule"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :AbstractPresentationGrammar ;
    rdfs:range :PresentationGrammarRule ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:hasScope a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has scope"@en,
        "a pour portée"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Didascalia ;
    rdfs:range :DidascalicScope ;
    skos:definition "What the didascalia directs, when :annotates (a single unit or point) is not enough."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hasScript a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has script"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :UnicodeCharacter ;
    rdfs:range :UnicodeScript ;
    skos:definition "The Script property (UAX #24); values are ISO 15924 scripts (Latn, Arab, Hani, ...). Open code list, not enumerated here."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:hasSenderRole a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has sender role"@en ;
    rdfs:range :SenderRole ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:hasSetting a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has setting"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ConcretePresentationGrammar ;
    rdfs:range :ConcreteSetting ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasShape a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has shape"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The shape is font-resident (a property of the class), never of a placement."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Glyph ;
    rdfs:range :GlyphShape ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasSimpleLowercaseMapping a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "simple lowercase mapping"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :UnicodeCharacter ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:hasSimpleUppercaseMapping a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "simple uppercase mapping"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :UnicodeCharacter ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:hasSolutionSpace a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has graphematic solution space"@en ;
    rdfs:range :GraphematicSolutionSpace ;
    :region "Φ" .

:hasStyle a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "numbering style"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PageNumbering ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The numeral style of a :PageNumbering: 'arabic', 'roman', 'greek', etc. Cross-style comparison is never a violation, since such numbers belong to distinct numberings."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasSubshape a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has subshape"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :GlyphShape ;
    rdfs:range :GlyphShape ;
    skos:definition "Mereological decomposition of a shape; the target of a correspondence when one glyph renders several characters (ligatures)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasSubtitle a owl:InverseFunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has subtitle"@en,
        "a pour sous-titre"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Division ;
    rdfs:range :DivisionHeader ;
    skos:definition "Relates a division to its subtitle, a second title subordinate to the first (v0.6.6)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hasThickness a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "hat die Dicke"@de,
        "ἔχει πᾶχος"@el,
        "has thickness"@en,
        "a comme épaisseur"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Paper ;
    rdfs:range qudt:QuantityValue ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasTitle a owl:InverseFunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has title"@en,
        "a pour titre"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Division ;
    rdfs:range :DivisionHeader ;
    skos:definition "Relates a division to its title (v0.6.6, after Haralambous). A division may be untitled; a title titles exactly one division."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hasTitleString a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has title (string)"@en,
        "a pour titre (chaîne)"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :LinguisticUnit ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The title of a titled unit, the value a :ByTitle reference must agree with."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hasTransparency a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "hat den Durchsichtigkeitswert"@de,
        "ἔχει διαφάνεια"@el,
        "has transparency value"@en,
        "a la valeur de transparence"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Paper ;
    rdfs:range qudt:QuantityValue ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasTypographicTradition a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has typographic tradition"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Attached to a myph (or inherited from its run/page/book): the guard on tradition-scoped shapes such as :IntramorphemicLigatureShape."@en ;
    rdfs:range :TypographicTradition ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hasVariabilityDegree a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "variability degree"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Orthography ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "Nerius feature 3: limited variability — usually one licensed spelling per unit; loanwords are the usual site of licensed variants."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:hasVisibleFolio a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has visible folio"@en ;
    dcterms:source "CMOS 17, §1.6." ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalPage ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    skos:definition "Whether the page number appears on the page (false = blind folio)."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasWritingDirection a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has writing direction"@en ;
    rdfs:range :WritingDirection ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hasWritingMode a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has writing mode"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:range :WritingMode ;
    :region "Λ" .

:heads a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    rdfs:label "heads"@en,
        "chapeaute"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :HeaderCell ;
    rdfs:range :TableCell ;
    skos:definition "A header cell heads a cell: one more partial order on the cells of a table, independent of the grid (a spanner heads the column heads under it, and through them their values). What a screen reader announces before each cell."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:horizontalKern a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "horizontal kern"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :KerningPair ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hyphenatedForm a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "hyphenated form"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Hyphenation ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The claim written out, with a hyphen at each point ('hy-phen-ation'); an altered spelling at a point is written as the regime writes it ('Zuk-ker')."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hyphenatedUnit a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "hyphenated unit"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Hyphenation ;
    rdfs:range :WordForm ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hyphenationPriority a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "hyphenation priority"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :HyphenationPoint ;
    rdfs:range xsd:positiveInteger ;
    skos:definition "1 for a preferred point, higher for less preferred ones: the boundary of a German compound before the syllable points within its members."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:hyphenationVariety a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "hyphenation variety"@en ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :Hyphenation :HyphenationRegime ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :Language ;
    :region "Λ" .

:imposedIn a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "imposed in"@en,
        "imposée dans"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.1: imposition is a human transition (:producedThroughReading, read in the inverse direction: the forme is produced from the pages imposed in it)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :MadeUpPage ;
    rdfs:range :Forme ;
    :region "M_form" .

:inCoordinateSystem a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in coordinate system"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PagePosition ;
    rdfs:range :CoordinateSystem ;
    :region "C_form" .

:inMatrixCase a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in matrix case"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Matrix ;
    rdfs:range :MatrixCase ;
    :region "M_form" .

:inMorpheme a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in morpheme"@en ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :Grapheme :Phoneme ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :Morpheme ;
    :region "Λ" .

:inNumbering a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in numbering"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PageNumberEntry ;
    rdfs:range :PageNumbering ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:inPhonologicalSystem a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in phonological system"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Phoneme ;
    rdfs:range :PhonologicalSystem ;
    :region "Λ" .

:inScope a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in scope"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ScopePrecedence ;
    rdfs:range :DidascalicScope ;
    :region "Λ" .

:inScript a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in script"@en,
        "dans l'écriture"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Grapheme ;
    rdfs:range :Script ;
    skos:definition "The script a grapheme belongs to, asserted only where the script is DISTINCTIVE within a text (:scriptIsDistinctive true): in Japanese, writing a word in katakana rather than hiragana changes its function (a loan, emphasis), so the script is part of the grapheme's identity. Where scripts are alternatives for whole texts (Serbian Cyrillic and Latin: one grapheme per phoneme in both, one orthography, almost mechanical transliteration) the script is not distinctive, the graphemes are script-neutral, and the script belongs to the graph and glyph level (v0.6.11; was asserted of every grapheme)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:inStaging a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in staging"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Didascalia ;
    rdfs:range :Staging ;
    :region "Λ" .

:inTradition a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in tradition"@en,
        "dans la tradition"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :AbstractPresentationGrammar ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:inWordForm a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in word form"@en,
        "dans la forme de mot"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Punctuation ;
    rdfs:range :WordForm ;
    skos:definition "A punctuation mark occurring inside a word form (apostrophe, hyphen, abbreviation point), without belonging to any of its morphemes."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:inWritingMode a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in writing mode"@en ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( fabio:DigitalItem :PhysicalBook :MaterialBookByForm ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :WritingMode ;
    :region "Λ" .

:inWritingSystem a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in writing system"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Haralambous 2026 (writing system is inherent to the grapheme); Meletis & Dürscheid 2022 (the grapheme is writing-system-relative)." ;
    rdfs:domain :Grapheme ;
    rdfs:range :WritingSystem ;
    skos:definition "The writing system a grapheme intrinsically belongs to: a grapheme is always 'the grapheme x of writing system y' (<nu> of the Greek writing system; <a> of the French writing system, which is not <a> of the German one). Functional. A graph↔grapheme :Realization correspondence therefore does not name the writing system separately — it is inherited from the grapheme the reading picks — and script-ambiguity is a graph realized (across readings, or held open in one) to graphemes of DIFFERENT writing systems."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:includesImage a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "includes image"@en,
        "inclut l'image"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :EncodedIllustration ;
    rdfs:range :ImageFile ;
    skos:definition "The image file an encoded illustration names: LaTeX \\includegraphics, TEI <graphic url>, HTML <img src>, an OOXML relationship to word/media/."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:inscribedInItem a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "inscribed in item"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ItemPersonalization ;
    rdfs:range fabio:Item ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:instantiatesBasicShape a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "instantiates basic shape"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Graph ;
    rdfs:range :BasicShape ;
    skos:definition "The basic shape a concrete perceived graph is a token of."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:instantiatesGlyph a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "instantiates glyph"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Myph ;
    rdfs:range :Glyph ;
    skos:definition "The class-to-instance link: a myph is a placed occurrence of exactly one glyph, from which it borrows its shape and (by inheritance) the glyph's character correspondences."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:instantiatesGrammar a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "instantiates grammar"@en,
        "instancie la grammaire"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :ConcretePresentationGrammar ;
    rdfs:range :AbstractPresentationGrammar ;
    :region "C_form" .

:involvesChance a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "involves chance"@en,
        "fait appel au hasard"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Didascalia ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    skos:definition "The didascalia calls for chance ('scatter these words'). The procedure that carries it out is its encoding, a program in C_cont (algorithm, seed); the outcome is fixed in C_form. Conformity to such a didascalia can only be judged over several renditions."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:isExternallyCodified a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "externally codified"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Orthography ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    skos:definition "Nerius feature 1: rules laid down in writing by authorities of linguistic policy (councils, academies, dictionary publishers), not merely reconstructed from usage."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:isFragmentOf a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "is fragment of"@en ;
    skos:definition "Relates a page-bounded fragment of a broken element (paragraph broken across pages, word broken across lines) to the whole element."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:isGlyphFor a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "is glyph for"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.13: derivable. A glyph is a glyph for a grapheme when it draws a basic shape (:drawsBasicShape) that the grapheme's writing system admits for it (:BasicShapeAdmission); the same glyph may thus be a glyph for different graphemes in different writing systems (the dotless i)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Glyph ;
    rdfs:range :Grapheme ;
    :region "C_form" .

:isGrammatical a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "is grammatical"@en,
        "est grammatical"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.5)." ;
    rdfs:domain :Sentence ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    skos:definition "Summary of the :Grammaticality judgements on a sentence; same caveat as :isLexical."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:isIsolateRun a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "is isolate"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :DirectionalRun ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    skos:definition "True for a UAX #9 isolate (LRI/RLI/FSI...PDI), whose interior does not interact directionally with its surroundings -- the modern, recommended alternative to the embedding controls."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:isLexical a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "is lexical"@en,
        "est lexical"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.5)." ;
    rdfs:domain :WordForm ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    skos:definition "Summary of the :Lexicality judgements on a word form, for data that need no relativity. Not to be asserted where judgements of different sources differ (record the judgements instead), as :realizesGrapheme is not asserted beside conflicting realizations."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:isNumbered a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "is numbered"@en,
        "est numéroté"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "CMOS 17, §1.56." ;
    rdfs:domain :Subhead ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    :region "Λ" .

:isOptionalReading a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "is optional reading"@en,
        "lecture facultative"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.16, after Haralambous); Genette 1997, p. 322 (degrees of obligation to read)." ;
    rdfs:domain :PeritextElement ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    skos:definition "Whether the text presents the element as readable or skippable, the default reading path not passing through it: a conventional stance of the text towards its reader, not a claim about readers. True of every note and every contents entry, even one whose content the argument needs (a step of a proof, Bayle's notes): how far the argument depends on it is a matter of interpretation, recorded, if at all, in a reading event. A property of the discourse, not of the layout."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:isSociallyBinding a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "socially binding"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Orthography ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    skos:definition "Nerius feature 2: binding not by law but by social obligation; deviance is socially sanctioned."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:isStatic a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "static"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Orthography ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    skos:definition "Nerius feature 4: changeable only by official reform (a :Decree)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:isVarietyOf a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    rdfs:label "is variety of"@en,
        "est une variété de"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Language ;
    rdfs:range :Language ;
    skos:definition "The hierarchy of languages: Koine :isVarietyOf Ancient Greek :isVarietyOf Greek. Transitive."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:judgedAgainst a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "judged against"@en,
        "jugé selon"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Judgement ;
    rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :JudgementBasis :Orthography :Didascalia ) ] ;
    skos:definition "The norm or resource the judgement is relative to."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:judgedProperty a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "judged property"@en,
        "propriété jugée"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Judgement ;
    rdfs:range :JudgedProperty ;
    :region "Λ" .

:judgedUnit a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "judged unit"@en,
        "unité jugée"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Judgement ;
    rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :LinguisticUnit :Pronunciation :Hyphenation :DigitalBookByForm :TypesetPage :TypesetBlock :MaterialBookByForm :MadeUpPage :ObservableState ) ] ;
    skos:definition "The unit the judgement is about: a word form (lexicality, orthographic correctness, morphotactic well-formedness), a sentence (grammaticality), a verse line (metrical conformity), or, for a didascalic judgement, a rendition or a part of one (a typeset page or block, a made-up page, an observable state)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:judgementValue a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "judgement value"@en,
        "valeur du jugement"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Judgement ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    skos:definition "Whether the source judges the unit to have the property."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:kernFirst a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "kern first"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :KerningPair ;
    rdfs:range :Glyph ;
    :region "C_form" .

:kernSecond a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "kern second"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :KerningPair ;
    rdfs:range :Glyph ;
    :region "C_form" .

:labelKind a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "label kind"@en,
        "type d'étiquette"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :ListLabel ;
    rdfs:range :ListLabelKind ;
    :region "Λ" .

:languageSystemTag a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "language-system tag"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :LanguageSystem ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The four-character OpenType language-system tag ('SRB ', 'ROM ', 'TRK ', 'NLD '), or 'dflt' for the script's default language system."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:languageTag a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "language tag"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Language ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "A BCP 47 tag for the variety, when one exists (grc, el, el-polyton)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:laterMember a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "later member"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ScopePrecedence ;
    rdfs:range :LinguisticUnit ;
    :region "Λ" .

:leavesPerSheet a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "leaves per sheet"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :FoldingFormat ;
    rdfs:range xsd:positiveInteger ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:listingOf a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "listing of"@en,
        "listage de"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :CodeListing ;
    rdfs:range fabio:DigitalItem ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :producedMechanically ;
    skos:definition "The file the listing was decoded from: a mechanical transition."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:locationKey a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "location key"@en,
        "clé d'emplacement"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :EncodedLocation ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The key by which references find the location: the argument of \\label, the xml:id of an anchor."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:lookupTable a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "lookup table"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Lookup ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "'GSUB' or 'GPOS'."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:lookupType a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "lookup type"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Lookup ;
    rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
    skos:definition "The OpenType lookup type within its table (GSUB 4 ligature substitution, GPOS 2 pair adjustment, GPOS 4 mark-to-base attachment, ...)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:machineInput a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "machine input"@en,
        "entrée machine"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :MachineInterpretation ;
    rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :DigitalBookByContents :DigitalBookByForm ) ] ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:used ;
    skos:definition "The digital book a machine interpretation processes: text (digital content) or an image or page description (digital form). The machine counterpart of :observes, which relates a human reading event to an observable book."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:madeUpFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "made up from"@en,
        "mis en pages d'après"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :MadeUpPage ;
    rdfs:range :Galley ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :producedThroughReading ;
    :region "M_form" .

:makesAudible a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "makes audible"@en,
        "rend audible"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :SoundingGrammarRule ;
    skos:definition "The discursive property a sounding rule makes audible (a note's optionality, announced so that the listener may skip it): the sounding counterpart of :visualizes."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:mapsFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "maps from"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :GraphemeMapping ;
    rdfs:range :Grapheme ;
    :region "Φ" .

:mapsTo a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "maps to"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "For the symmetric visual types (equivalent, close, distinct) order is immaterial; for :TranscriptionMapped and :KeyboardMapped it runs source→target."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :GraphemeMapping ;
    rdfs:range :Grapheme ;
    :region "Φ" .

:markLabel a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "mark label"@en,
        "libellé de la marque"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :CopyMark ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The mark as written ('fn', 'A', 'run in', 'sc'): the counterpart of :markupName."@en ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:markupName a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "markup name"@en,
        "nom de balise"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :EncodedPeritextElement :EncodedDivision :EncodedParagraph :EncodedLocation :EncodedReference :EncodedList :EncodedListEntry :EncodedListLabel :EncodedTableCell :EncodedStrophe :EncodedVerseLine :EncodedDidascalia ) ] ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The element name or command by which the encoded text labels the unit ('note', 'footnote', 'marginpar', 'fw', 'section', 'label', 'pageref'), with its discriminating attribute if any ('note[@place=foot]'): the label the abstract visual grammar keys its rules to."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:matrixForGlyph a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "matrix for glyph"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Matrix ;
    rdfs:range :Glyph ;
    :region "M_form" .

:numberValue a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "number value"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PageNumberEntry ;
    rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
    skos:definition "The integer value of the entry within its numbering (roman/greek numerals reduced to their integer value; the STYLE is on the :PageNumbering)."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:observes a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "observes"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ReadingEvent ;
    rdfs:range :ObservableBook ;
    :region "Φ" .

:ofLanguage a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "of language"@en,
        "de la langue"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.12, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:domain :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:range :Language ;
    skos:definition "The language whose written modality the writing system is. Every writing system belongs to exactly one language (variety): functional. A language may have several writing systems (v0.6.11): print English, Unified English Braille and Pitman shorthand are three writing systems of English, because their marks relate to the language in different ways (to graphemes, to clusters and whole words, to sounds). Two scripts relating to the same graphemes are not two writing systems but one using two scripts (Serbian Cyrillic and Latin). Where one might speak of two ways of writing the same language that differ in their units (polytonic and monotonic Greek), the model may also have two varieties in the :isVarietyOf hierarchy."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:onCopy a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "on copy"@en,
        "sur la copie"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :CopyMark ;
    rdfs:range :MaterialBookByContents ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:onPage a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "on page"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PagePosition ;
    rdfs:range :VisualPage ;
    :region "C_form" .

:orthographemeApplication a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "orthographeme application"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Orthographeme ;
    rdfs:range :OrthographemeApplication ;
    :region "Φ" .

:orthographemeOfSystem a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "orthographeme of writing system"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Orthographeme ;
    rdfs:range :WritingSystem ;
    :region "Φ" .

:orthographicallyLicenses a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "orthographically licenses"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Orthography ;
    skos:definition "Selects, from a unit's graphematic solution space, the spelling(s) an orthography deems correct."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:orthographyOfSystem a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "orthography of writing system"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Orthography ;
    rdfs:range :WritingSystem ;
    :region "Φ" .

:ownShape a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "own shape"@en ;
    dcterms:source "André & Borghi 1990 (Dynamic Fonts); Haralambous 2019 (point 6)." ;
    rdfs:domain :Myph ;
    rdfs:range :GlyphShape ;
    skos:definition "A shape carried by the myph itself, overriding the shape it would inherit from its glyph. Normally absent (a myph borrows the glyph's :hasShape). Present when the occurrence's shape is generated per-placement -- as in Jacques André & Borghi's (1990) PostScript Type 3 RANDOM fonts, where each instantiation draws a fresh outline, so no single font-resident shape exists."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:pagesPerSheet a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "pages per sheet"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :FoldingFormat ;
    rdfs:range xsd:positiveInteger ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:partOfOrthography a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "part of orthography"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :HyphenationRegime ;
    rdfs:range :Orthography ;
    :region "Λ" .

:passCount a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "pass count"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :TypesettingProcess ;
    rdfs:range xsd:positiveInteger ;
    :region "C_form" .

:pathSequence a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "path sequence"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :SuggestedReadingPath ;
    rdfs:range rdf:Seq ;
    skos:definition "The ordered content-unit sequence of a suggested path (an rdf:Seq of :Division)."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:patternVariety a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "pattern variety"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :HyphenationPatternSet ;
    rdfs:range :Language ;
    :region "C_form" .

:perceivesAsGraph a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "perceives as graph"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Haralambous 2024, ch. 3 (the graph as etic unit); Gaze 2011 (reading, not writing, determines asemicity)." ;
    rdfs:comment "A reading construes this mark as belonging to the written modality (an etic graph). The same mark may be :perceivesAsPicture in another reading; both coexist because a 2D mark supports both."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ReadingEvent ;
    rdfs:range :Graph ;
    :region "Φ" .

:perceivesAsPicture a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "perceives as picture"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A reading construes this mark as a picture, not writing. Available for the same mark another reading perceives as a graph."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ReadingEvent ;
    :region "Φ" .

:perceivesObfuscation a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "perceives obfuscation"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Haralambous, hara.tex §Obfuscation (proposal 3: typology in the ontology, assignment in the reading)." ;
    rdfs:domain :ReadingEvent ;
    rdfs:range :ObfuscationType ;
    skos:definition "The obfuscation a reading judges to be applied to the text or a passage of it; default :NoObfuscation. Reading-relative like graphhood and grapheme-status: which kind of obfuscation is at work — and whether any is — is decided in the reading, over a typology the ontology fixes in advance. Not functional: different passages of one reading may carry different kinds."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:phonemicTranscription a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "phonemic transcription"@en,
        "transcription phonémique"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Pronunciation ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The phonemes, written in IPA ('/lɛd/')."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:phonologyOf a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:InverseFunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "phonology of"@en,
        "phonologie de"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :PhonologicalSystem ;
    rdfs:range :Language ;
    :region "Λ" .

:placedAt a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "placed at"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.12: no longer a feature of the myph (it was, and the order of a sequence followed it)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Myph ;
    rdfs:range :PagePosition ;
    skos:definition "The absolute position of a myph on its page. Optional and derived: the sequence's origin plus the advances of the preceding myphs plus the displacements. Recorded only where the format states it for each glyph (a PDF producer setting the text matrix, Tm, per glyph; SVG x/y lists); a DVI file never does, and PostScript's xshow/yshow/xyshow state per-glyph advances, i.e. displacements, not positions."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:placedPosition a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "placed position"@en,
        "position de l'image"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :PlacedImage ;
    rdfs:range :PagePosition ;
    :region "C_form" .

:placementAnchor a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "placement anchor"@en ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :TypesetBlock :TextFrame ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :PlacementAnchor ;
    :region "C_form" .

:platedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "plated from"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Stamper ;
    rdfs:range :SoundMaster ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :producedMechanically ;
    :region "M_form" .

:pointInWordForm a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "point in word form"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :HyphenationPoint ;
    rdfs:range :WordForm ;
    :region "Λ" .

:pointOffset a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "point offset"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :HyphenationPoint ;
    rdfs:range xsd:positiveInteger ;
    skos:definition "The number of graphemes of the word form before the point."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:pointsTo a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "points to"@en,
        "pointe vers"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :EncodedReference ;
    rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :EncodedLocation :EncodedDivision :EncodedParagraph :EncodedPeritextElement :EncodedListEntry ) ] ;
    skos:definition "The encoded target of an encoded reference: an encoded location, or an encoded unit where the markup addresses units directly (TEI <ref target=\"#sec5\">). No target: the reference is dangling (\\pageref to a missing \\label, :DanglingReferenceShape)."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:polynomialDegree a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "polynomial degree"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "2 (quadratic) or 3 (cubic)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :VectorShape ;
    rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
    :region "C_form" .

:prescribesFeature a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "prescribes feature"@en,
        "prescrit le trait"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :PresentationGrammarRule ;
    rdfs:range :PresentationFeature ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:prescribesNumberingStyle a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "prescribes numbering style"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :VisualGrammarRule ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "For a rule on a part of the book (:FrontPart, :BodyPart) or on a counted kind of unit: the numeral style of its numbering ('roman' for the front matter, 'arabic' for the body), which the typesetting process realizes as a :PageNumbering or a unit numbering."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:pressedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "pressed from"@en,
        "pressé d'après"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :AudioCarrier ;
    rdfs:range :Stamper ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :producedMechanically ;
    :region "M_form" .

:previousMyph a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "previous myph"@en,
        "myphe précédent"@fr ;
    owl:inverseOf :nextMyph ;
    :region "C_form" .

:primaryEquivalentTo a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:SymmetricProperty ;
    rdfs:label "primary-equivalent to"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :CollationElement ;
    rdfs:range :CollationElement ;
    skos:definition "Same primary weight within a regime (a tie at the primary level): German ä ~ a in DIN 5007-1, distinguished only at the secondary level, so größe and große are primary-equal — the source of non-totality."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:primaryWeight a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "primary weight"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :CollationWeight ;
    rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
    :region "Φ" .

:printedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "printed from"@en,
        "imprimée d'après"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalSheet ;
    rdfs:range :Forme ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :producedMechanically ;
    :region "M_form" .

:probability a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "probability"@en,
        "probabilité"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Haralambous 2026 (proposal 1)." ;
    rdfs:domain :Correspondence ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    skos:definition "A weight in [0,1] on a defeasible correspondence — chiefly a :Realization (graph↔grapheme), where a reader deciphering a hard hand or a corrupted, effaced or illegible graph hesitates between graphemes ('a t, or a k, or an l'): one weighted correspondence per candidate, all scoped to the same reading event; and, in a machine interpretation, a :GlyphIdentification (graph↔myph), where a recognizer scores candidate myphs (hence :Glyph and :UnicodeCharacter) for a degraded mark in a scan. How the reader came to know the candidates is out of scope (see :InterpretiveAct). The value means different things by kind of act: in a :HumanReadingEvent a subjective credence, in a :MachineInterpretation a model score (often a softmax output, not necessarily a calibrated probability); both satisfy the same distribution constraint, but they should not be compared as if they measured the same thing. The correspondences of one type sharing a source graph within one context form a probability distribution (:GraphIdentificationDistributionShape). Unicode's dotless letters removed one source of this uncertainty for pointed Arabic; deterioration restores it, and the weights shift with the palaeographic theory in force."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:producedByGeneration a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "produced by generation"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Parallel to :producedByOCR; a digital content item may bear both (scanned, OCRed, then model-corrected — three provenance layers)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :DigitalBookByContents ;
    rdfs:range :GenerationProcess ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:producedByOCR a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "produced by OCR"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 4 (scanning + OCR pipeline of Project Gutenberg, Internet Archive, Google Books)." ;
    rdfs:domain :DigitalBookByContents ;
    rdfs:range :OCRProcess ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:pronouncedUnit a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "pronounced unit"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Pronunciation ;
    rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :WordForm :Sentence :VerseLine ) ] ;
    :region "Λ" .

:pulledFrom a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "pulled from"@en,
        "tirée de"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Proof ;
    rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :Galley :MadeUpPage ) ] ;
    :region "M_form" .

:readableOnlyThrough a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "readable only through"@en,
        "lisible seulement par"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain fabio:DigitalItem ;
    rdfs:range prov:SoftwareAgent ;
    skos:definition "The program without which an undocumented file cannot be read: the apparatus its legibility is conditional on, as a talking-book record's is on a turntable, except that this apparatus belongs to one company."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:readingGraphemeStatus a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "reading's grapheme status"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Property of a GRAPH-reading: whether its graphs realize graphemes -- i.e. whether this reading's :Realization correspondences (scoped to it by :correspondenceWithin) are populated. :GraphemesPresent (populated), :GraphemesAbsent (empty by constitution: asemic), :GraphemeStatusUndetermined (khipu/Voynich). :Pictographic and :NonScriptural mark readings that do not treat units as script-graphs at all. Scoped and sourced on the event."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ReadingEvent ;
    rdfs:range :GraphemeStatus ;
    :region "Φ" .

:readingUnit a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "reading unit"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ConsultativeReading ;
    rdfs:range :Division ;
    skos:definition "The self-contained unit a consultative reading actually reads (the dictionary entry, the encyclopedia article); entries may warrant their own :Division subclass."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:realizedSequence a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "realized sequence"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 3." ;
    rdfs:domain :ReadingEvent ;
    skos:definition "The ordered sequence of content units actually traversed in a reading event (an rdf:Seq). It records the real path, so it may be partial (a single unit), may repeat units (a page read ten times), and may diverge from item order (skipping, back-tracking). It coincides with the item order only in the limiting case of a complete, linear reading of a fixed-total-order book, and is the event's chief product for recombinant books."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:realizesGrapheme a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "realizes grapheme"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The etic realizes the emic, as a phone realizes a phoneme. Realization is reading-relative and possibly plural: each interpretive act (a human or a machine reading) that meets a graph assigns it its own grapheme(s), and a reader in doubt entertains several at once ('a t, or a k, or an l'). The asserted form is therefore always a :Correspondence of type :Realization, scoped by :correspondenceWithin to exactly one :InterpretiveAct and optionally weighted by :probability. This binary property is a DERIVED SUMMARY -- the graph is realized to this grapheme in at least one scoped correspondence -- and is not to be asserted directly (v0.5.1)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Graph ;
    rdfs:range :Grapheme ;
    :region "Φ" .

:realizesStaging a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "realizes staging"@en ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :DigitalBookByForm :MaterialBookByForm :ObservableState ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :Staging ;
    :region "Λ" .

:recognitionCue a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "recognition cue"@en,
        "indice de reconnaissance"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.1, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:domain :Correspondence ;
    rdfs:range :RecognitionCue ;
    skos:definition "On a realization that recognizes a peritext element, a division header or a reference: what the recognition rested on. The visual grammar (the block is smaller, below, set off: conventional but motivated) or an explicit label read as language (a tag in a source view, the copy-editor's 'fn' on a marked copy)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:recordedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "recorded from"@en,
        "enregistré d'après"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :SoundMaster ;
    rdfs:range :ReadingCopy ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :producedThroughReading ;
    :region "M_form" .

:refersTo a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "refers to"@en,
        "renvoie à"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Reference ;
    rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :Location :LinguisticUnit ) ] ;
    skos:definition "The referent of a non-deictic reference: a point (:Location) or a unit with extent."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:refines a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "refines"@en,
        "précise"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Didascalia ;
    rdfs:range :Didascalia ;
    skos:definition "A particular didascalia under a general one: an instruction on one opening of the Coup de dés under Mallarmé's 'Observation'."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:regimeInForceFrom a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in force from"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :HyphenationRegime ;
    rdfs:range xsd:gYear ;
    :region "Λ" .

:regimeInForceUntil a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in force until"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :HyphenationRegime ;
    rdfs:range xsd:gYear ;
    :region "Λ" .

:regimeOfSystem a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "regime of writing system"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :CollationRegime ;
    rdfs:range :WritingSystem ;
    :region "Φ" .

:regimeStandard a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "regime standard"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :CollationRegime ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "Name/authority of the regime, e.g. 'DIN 5007-1', 'DIN 5007-2', 'UCA/UTS #10 root', 'ISO/IEC 14651', 'RAE 1994'."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:region a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
    rdfs:label "region"@en ;
    skos:definition "The region of the LIBRORUM architecture a term belongs to (Λ, C_cont, C_form, M_cont, M_form, Φ), or the chapter it is declared in (Carriers, Conventions, Generated book)."@en .

:relativeToVariety a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "relative to variety"@en,
        "relatif à la variété"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :LinguisticJudgement ;
    rdfs:range :Language ;
    skos:definition "The language variety the judgement holds for (a :Language of the :isVarietyOf hierarchy): a spelling may be correct in British and incorrect in American English, a sentence grammatical in one dialect and not in another."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:remediates a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "remediates"@en,
        "remédiatise"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Bolter & Grusin 1999; Borsuk 2018, ch. 4 (codex columns remediating scroll paginae; early type remediating manuscript hands; e-readers remediating the paperback)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Holds between punned carrier-form individuals or feature individuals; not asserted transitive (each link is a distinct historical claim) nor asymmetric (older media borrow back)."@en ;
    skos:definition "Relates a (typically newer) carrier form or design feature to an older one whose forms, behaviors, or visual conventions it borrows and refashions."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:rendersCharacter a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "renders character"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A glyph renders one character; a :LigatureGlyph renders several (see :LigatureDecomposition)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Glyph ;
    rdfs:range :UnicodeCharacter ;
    :region "Φ" .

:rendersItem a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "renders item"@en,
        "rend l'item"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "Restored in v0.5.7 after its accidental deletion in v0.5.5."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PixelBook ;
    rdfs:range fabio:DigitalItem ;
    skos:definition "Relates a pixel book to the digital item from which it was generated: a link of production, not of perception."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:resolvedNumber a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "resolved number"@en,
        "numéro résolu"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :MyphSequence ;
    rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
    skos:definition "For a page or number reference, the resolved value as an integer within its numbering (roman or Greek numerals reduced, as :numberValue does); for a page range, its first page."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:resolvedNumberTo a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "resolved number (end of range)"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :MyphSequence ;
    rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
    :region "C_form" .

:resolvedValue a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "resolved value"@en,
        "valeur résolue"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :MyphSequence ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The value the typesetting process set for a reference, as printed ('42', 'xii', '5', 'Carrión and the book'), on the myph sequence typeset from the encoded reference. Absent while the reference is unresolved (LaTeX's '??'): :UnresolvedReferenceShape."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:retainsLayoutTables a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "retains layout tables"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :EmbeddedFontSubset ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    :region "C_form" .

:ribbonForCase a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "ribbon for case"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :MonotypeRibbon ;
    rdfs:range :MatrixCase ;
    skos:definition "The matrix case whose arrangement the ribbon was keyed against."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:rowIndex a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "row index"@en,
        "rang de ligne"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :TableCell ;
    rdfs:range xsd:positiveInteger ;
    skos:definition "The first row the cell occupies, counted from 1 (header rows included)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:rowSpan a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "row span"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :TableCell ;
    rdfs:range xsd:positiveInteger ;
    skos:definition "Number of rows the cell spans (default 1)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:runBaseDirection a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "run base direction"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :DirectionalRun ;
    rdfs:range :WritingDirection ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:scopeFrom a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "scope from"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :DidascalicScope ;
    rdfs:range :Location ;
    :region "Λ" .

:scopeMember a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "scope member"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :DidascalicScope ;
    rdfs:range :LinguisticUnit ;
    :region "Λ" .

:scopeTo a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "scope to"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :DidascalicScope ;
    rdfs:range :Location ;
    :region "Λ" .

:scriptIsDistinctive a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "script is distinctive"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Bunčić, Lippert & Rabus 2016 (digraphia, diglyphia, diorthographia); editorial (v0.6.11)." ;
    rdfs:domain :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    skos:definition "Whether, in a writing system using several scripts, the choice of script is distinctive within a text (Japanese: true) or a choice for whole texts that changes no unit (Serbian Cyrillic and Latin, digraphia: false). Graphemes carry :inScript only where it is true."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:scriptTag a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "script tag"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :LanguageSystem ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The OpenType script tag ('latn', 'cyrl', 'arab', 'khmr', 'deva' or 'dev2'). It also selects the shaping engine's script-specific behaviour (the Khmer reordering), and differs from ISO 15924 where a script has several generations of shaping ('deva', 'dev2')."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:secondaryWeight a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "secondary weight"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :CollationWeight ;
    rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
    :region "Φ" .

:segmentEnd a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "segment end (s)"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :SpeechSegment ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:segmentStart a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "segment start (s)"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :SpeechSegment ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:sequenceOrigin a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "sequence origin"@en,
        "origine de la suite"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.12, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:domain :MyphSequence ;
    rdfs:range :PagePosition ;
    skos:definition "Where the pen stands when the sequence starts, on the baseline: stated outright by some formats (a PDF Tm, a PostScript moveto), reached by relative moves in others (a PDF Td from the start of the previous line, DVI right and down from the page's origin)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:setsFontSize a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "sets font size (pt)"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ConcreteSetting ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    :region "C_form" .

:setsLeading a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "sets leading (pt)"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ConcreteSetting ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    :region "C_form" .

:setsParameter a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "sets parameter"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ConcreteSetting ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "Any further parameter, as written in the grammar's own language ('\\skip\\footins=12pt plus 4pt', 'margin-top: 2em'): recorded, not interpreted."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:setsTypeface a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "sets typeface"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ConcreteSetting ;
    rdfs:range :Typeface ;
    :region "C_form" .

:settingFor a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "setting for"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ConcreteSetting ;
    :region "C_form" .

:settingValue a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "setting value"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :AxisSetting ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    :region "C_form" .

:shapedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "shaped from"@en,
        "mis en forme à partir de"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.10)." ;
    rdfs:domain :MyphSequence ;
    rdfs:range :CharacterString ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :typesetFrom ;
    skos:definition "The character string whose shaping produced the myph sequence: the unit-level link from the digital-form corner to the digital-content corner, as :rendersCharacter is at the level of a single glyph. A fact of production, recorded when known; a DVI or PDF file often does not preserve it."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:shapedUnder a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "shaped under"@en,
        "mis en forme sous"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.13, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:domain :MyphSequence ;
    rdfs:range :LanguageSystem ;
    skos:definition "The language system of the font under which the sequence was shaped: what the font saw, in its own vocabulary. :shapingLanguage records the language of the text on the content side; the two may differ (a language with no tag of its own is shaped under dflt), and two runs in different languages may yield identical myphs."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:shapingLanguage a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "shaping language"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.13: the content-side provenance of the run. What the font saw is :shapedUnder, a language system in the font's own vocabulary."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :MyphSequence ;
    rdfs:range xsd:language ;
    skos:definition "The language (BCP 47 tag) under which the sequence was shaped, which selects localized forms (OpenType locl): the same string yields different myphs for sr and ru."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:sideNumber a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "side number"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :RecordingSide ;
    rdfs:range xsd:positiveInteger ;
    :region "M_form" .

:sortOfGlyph a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "sort of glyph"@en,
        "type du glyphe"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Sort ;
    rdfs:range :Glyph ;
    :region "M_form" .

:spansGutter a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "spans gutter"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 3 (Mallarmé; Snow, Cover to Cover); McGann 1991." ;
    rdfs:range :Opening ;
    skos:definition "Relates a layout or textual element to an opening across whose gutter it is deliberately composed; hook for the material-semiotic reading — the crossing itself signifies."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:spansTo a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "spans to"@en,
        "s'étend jusqu'à"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.15, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:domain :EncodedLocation ;
    rdfs:range :EncodedLocation ;
    skos:definition "The end point of a location with extent: a Word bookmark (w:bookmarkStart ... w:bookmarkEnd), a pair of TEI anchors. The pair encodes a unit referent by its two ends, keeping the extent a single LaTeX \\label loses; a page-range reference can be resolved from it."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:spokenWithVoice a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "spoken with voice"@en ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :SpeechSegment :DigitalBookBySound ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :Voice ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:standardisationType a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "standardisation type"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Orthography ;
    rdfs:range :StandardisationType ;
    :region "Φ" .

:standsForUnit a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "stands for unit"@en,
        "tient lieu de l'unité"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:domain :EncodedLocation ;
    rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :EncodedDivision :EncodedParagraph :EncodedPeritextElement :EncodedListEntry ) ] ;
    skos:definition "An encoded location placed at the start of an encoded unit stands in for the whole unit, as a LaTeX \\label after \\section does. The encoding replaces an extent by a point: enough for a page or number reference, not for a page range, which needs a second location at the end. A lossy encoding, recorded rather than hidden."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:statedValue a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "stated value"@en,
        "valeur écrite"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :Reference ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The value as written by the author when the reference is typed by hand ('see p. 42'; 'see p. 00' in a manuscript awaiting proofs) rather than computed. Hand-written references are checked by the same agreement shapes, and are the ones that go stale when a book is re-laid out."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:stringValue a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "string value"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :CharacterString ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:subsetOf a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "subset of"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :EmbeddedFontSubset ;
    rdfs:range :Font ;
    :region "C_form" .

:suggestsReadingPath a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "suggests reading path"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ExpectedReadingOrder ;
    rdfs:range :SuggestedReadingPath ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:synchronizedWith a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "synchronized with"@en,
        "synchronisé avec"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :SpeechSegment ;
    rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :CharacterString :EncodedParagraph :EncodedVerseLine :EncodedPeritextElement ) ] ;
    skos:definition "Alignment of a recorded segment with the encoded text it reads (EPUB 3 Media Overlays, SMIL <par>): not a production link, since the recording was produced by a narrator's reading, but the link that lets text and sound be highlighted together."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:synthesizedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "synthesized from"@en,
        "synthétisé à partir de"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :SpeechSegment ;
    rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :CharacterString :EncodedPronunciation :EncodedParagraph :EncodedVerseLine ) ] ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :producedMechanically ;
    skos:definition "The encoded text a synthetic speech segment was produced from: the typesetFrom of sound."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:tertiaryWeight a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "tertiary weight"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :CollationWeight ;
    rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
    :region "Φ" .

:textContent a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "text content"@en ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:threadsTo a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:InverseFunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "threads to"@en,
        "chaîné à"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :TextFrame ;
    rdfs:range :TextFrame ;
    :region "C_form" .

:titlePosition a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "title position"@en,
        "position du titre"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :DivisionHeader ;
    rdfs:range :TitlePosition ;
    skos:definition "Where the title stands in the linear order of its division: before its content (the default) or after it. A fact of the linguistic book -- the order in which the text is meant to be read -- not of layout."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:tocPosition a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "TOC position (front/back)"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 316 (devant en EN/DE, derrière en FR)." ;
    rdfs:domain :TableOfContents ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:typesetBy a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "typeset by"@en,
        "composé par"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :DigitalBookByForm ;
    rdfs:range :TypesettingProcess ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:wasGeneratedBy ;
    :region "C_form" .

:typesetsContent a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "typesets content"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :TypesettingProcess ;
    rdfs:range :DigitalBookByContents ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:used ;
    :region "C_form" .

:unitWidth a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "unit width"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Matrix ;
    rdfs:range xsd:positiveInteger ;
    skos:definition "The set width of the matrix's sorts in units of the em (18 units in the Monotype system): the metric the keyboard counts, as TeX reads widths from a TFM file."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:usedAsTrainingData a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "used as training data by"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 4; editorial (v0.3)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Continuity, not rupture: the mass digitization Borsuk describes (Google Books, Internet Archive) created the corpora; :producedByOCR and :usedAsTrainingData are two arcs of the same circuit. The attendant intellectual-property disputes are noted as context and remain out of scope for the ontology."@en ;
    rdfs:domain fabio:DigitalItem ;
    rdfs:range :LanguageModel ;
    skos:definition "Relates a digital item to a language model whose training corpus included it; the book-as-data relation."@en ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:usesModel a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "uses model"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :GenerationProcess ;
    rdfs:range :LanguageModel ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:wasAssociatedWith ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:usesPatterns a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "uses patterns"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :MachineHyphenation ;
    rdfs:range :HyphenationPatternSet ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:used ;
    :region "C_form" .

:usesScript a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "uses script"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:range :Script ;
    skos:definition "The script(s) a writing system is realized in (Serbian uses Cyrl and Latn; Japanese uses hiragana, katakana, kanji and romaji)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:usesWordSeparation a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "uses word separation"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1; Saenger 1997." ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    skos:definition "Whether the inscription separates words (false = scriptio continua). Word separation entered Latin c. 675 CE via Insular scribes and enabled silent reading."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:verticalKern a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "vertical kern"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :KerningPair ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    :region "C_form" .

:viaKeyboardLayout a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "via keyboard layout"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :GraphemeMapping ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "For :KeyboardMapped: the layout(s) under which the two graphemes share a physical key."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:viaScheme a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "via transcription scheme"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :GraphemeMapping ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "For :TranscriptionMapped: the scheme under which the two graphemes correspond (e.g. a TeX/Babel Greek transliteration mapping W to Ω)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:viewGrammar a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "view grammar"@en,
        "grammaire de la vue"@fr ;
    rdfs:domain :PixelBook ;
    rdfs:range :AbstractVisualGrammar ;
    skos:definition "The abstract visual grammar under which a rendering is displayed: the book's own grammar, or the code grammar of a text editor."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:visualizes a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "visualizes"@en,
        "rend visible"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.16, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:domain :VisualGrammarRule ;
    skos:definition "The discursive property a rule makes visible, named by punning (:isOptionalReading, :annotates): the motivation of a conventional form. A tradition chooses smallness and separation to show a note's subordination and optionality; a reader who holds the convention reads them back."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:visuallyCloseTo a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:SymmetricProperty ;
    rdfs:label "visually close to"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :BasicShape ;
    rdfs:range :BasicShape ;
    skos:definition "Two distinct basic shapes similar but not identical (|ß| of the Latin script and |β| of the Greek script). Symmetric; underwrites the :VisuallyClose grapheme mapping."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:withinReadingEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "within reading event"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :GenerationProcess ;
    rdfs:range :ReadingEvent ;
    skos:definition "Relates a generation process to the reading event inside which it occurs (dynamic generation); absent for pre-publication generation."@en ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:xCoord a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "x"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PagePosition ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    :region "C_form" .

:xDisplacement a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "x displacement"@en,
        "déplacement horizontal"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.12, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:domain :Myph ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    skos:definition "How far the myph is moved, along the first axis of the page's coordinate system, from where its predecessor's advance left the pen (for the first myph, from the sequence's origin). Zero when absent. Kerning, letterspacing, the stretch or shrink of justification, the adjustments of a PDF TJ array and those of PostScript's ashow, widthshow and kshow are stored here; so is the offset a font's anchor tables give a combining mark, whose own advance is zero."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:yCoord a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "y"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PagePosition ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    :region "C_form" .

:yDisplacement a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "y displacement"@en,
        "déplacement vertical"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.12)." ;
    rdfs:domain :Myph ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    skos:definition "The displacement along the second axis: zero for a myph on the baseline, non-zero for a superscript set within the sequence, a combining mark raised above its base, or a raised or lowered glyph (TeX \\raise)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

hcio:User_Observable_State rdfs:subClassOf :ObservableState .

:Annotatability a :Affordance ;
    rdfs:label "annotatability"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 (marginalia and manicules as effects of codex form)." ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:ApparatusMediatedPlayback a :Affordance ;
    rdfs:label "apparatus-mediated playback"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Rubery 2016, pp. 65–66 (the 33⅓ vinylite disc as machine-read groove)." ;
    skos:definition "The carrier's inscription is legible only through a machine (turntable, player, reader). After the khipu — whose inscription bears no graphemes — the audio carrier is the family's second apparatus-conditional case, and the first so by design."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:AttestedDidascalia a :DidascalicAttestation ;
    rdfs:label "attested"@en,
        "attestée"@fr ;
    :region "Λ" .

:AudioDivisionHeader a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "audio division header"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :SoundingBook ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:AuthorNameElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "name of the author"@en,
        "nom (ou pseudonyme) de l'auteur"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 24, 37." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:BackFlap a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "back flap"@en,
        "rabat arrière"@fr ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:BackPanel a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "back cover / back panel"@en,
        "quatrième de couverture"@fr ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:BookScope a :ScopeKind ;
    rdfs:label "the whole book"@en,
        "le livre entier"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:BrailleDisplay a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "refreshable braille display"@en,
        "plage braille"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf hcio:OutputEquipment ;
    skos:definition "A line of cells whose pins are raised and lowered electronically: the screen of touch, presenting tactile states (:presents) of a braille form file or of a text translated on the fly."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:BraillePlate a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "braille plate"@en,
        "plaque braille"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialBookByForm ;
    skos:definition "An embossed metal plate from which braille press runs were printed before computers: the forme of braille."@en ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:CarriedText a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "text"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :CarriedForm ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Catchword a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "catchword"@en,
        "réclame"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 and Glossary." ;
    rdfs:comment "Formally notable twice over: (i) its content is DEFINED by a cross-page identity condition (see :CatchwordShape); (ii) its primary addressee is the binder."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "A word at the foot of a page (or quire) duplicating the first word of the following page, keeping the text in order through binding; inherited from manuscript into print."@en ;
    :addressedTo :ProducerAddressee ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:CodeGrammar a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "code grammar"@en,
        "grammaire du code"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "Renamed from :SourceGrammar (v0.6.1)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractVisualGrammar ;
    skos:definition "The minimal visual grammar of looking inside the code: one character per cell (:MonospaceGrid), the file's own line breaks shown as lines (:FileLineBreaksShown), every label shown as text (:LabelShownAsText); optionally :SoftWrapped and :SyntaxColoured. Not a book's grammar but a tool's; under it, peritext, and in form files positions and fonts, can be recognized only by explicit label."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:CodeListing a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "code listing"@en,
        "listage"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.2)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf fabio:DigitalItem ;
    skos:definition "A text file decoded from a binary or compressed one so that it can be read in a code view: the output of dvitype for a DVI file, of qpdf --qdf for a compressed PDF, the XML parts of an unzipped .docx."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:CodeView a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "code view"@en,
        "vue du code"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.2, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Renamed from :SourceView (v0.6.1), which suggested that only source files are read so; PDF and DVI listings are read in the same way."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PixelBook ;
    skos:definition "A pixel book rendered from a digital file in a text editor (as opposed to a word processor or a viewer), under the code grammar: the file's characters in a monospaced grid, its own line breaks shown as lines, every label shown as text, raw or syntax-coloured, hard or soft wrapped. The minimal digital form: markup and code are made visible instead of being spent. There is no direct access to a digital file; the code view is how it is seen as text. Applies to content files (XML, TeX) and to form files (PostScript, uncompressed PDF, a listing of DVI)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:ContractedMode a :WritingMode ;
    rdfs:label "contracted"@en,
        "abrégé"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Cells may stand for clusters of graphemes or whole word forms by the system's own rules (UEB, German Braille differ): a logographic mode."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:DecorativeFigure a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "decorative figure"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :CarriedForm ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Descriptive a :DidascalicMode ;
    rdfs:label "descriptive"@en,
        "descriptive"@fr ;
    skos:definition "A verbalization of a form perceived, generated by a reading event (prov:wasGeneratedBy) and scoped to it like a :Realization: what a reader says when asked what the page does. It closes the cycle: prescription in Λ, formalization in C_cont, fixation in C_form, perception in Φ, description back in Λ."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:DidascalicConformity a :JudgedProperty ;
    rdfs:label "didascalic conformity"@en,
        "conformité à la didascalie"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Of a rendition or a part of one (a typeset page or block, a made-up page, an observable state): following the didascalia it is judged against. A judgement, not a shape: the didascalia is language, and whether a page 'takes some distance and weakens' is decided by interpretation. Value false = breach (the Cosmopolis printing of May 1897 against Mallarmé's layout of the Coup de dés; Lustra against the spaced 1913 printing of 'In a Station of the Metro')."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:DirectFormatting a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "direct formatting"@en,
        "mise en forme directe"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.15, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Reported, not forbidden (:DirectFormattingShape, severity Info): often legitimate, and sometimes the very gesture a rule-breaking book is about."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ConcreteSetting ;
    skos:definition "Concrete values attached to one encoded unit rather than to a kind of unit (:appliesToUnit): LaTeX \\small or \\vspace{3mm} in the source, Word's direct formatting as opposed to its styles, an HTML style attribute. It bypasses the abstract visual grammar: visual markup inside the digital-content book."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:Display a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "display"@en,
        "écran"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw <<physical-book>>; Borsuk 2018, ch. 4." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialSupport ;
    skos:definition "An electronic output device (LCD, E Ink, etc.) on which a digital-form book is rendered; E Ink reconfigures black-and-white microparticles by electric charge to simulate paper."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:DivisionScope a :ScopeKind ;
    rdfs:label "a division"@en,
        "une division"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:EncodedDidascalia a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded didascalia"@en,
        "didascalie encodée"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :DigitalBookByContents ] ;
    skos:definition "A didascalia as the encoded text holds it: a style name ('verse of type A' becomes a paragraph style), a TEI @rend or <rendition>, a LaTeX macro or comment, a Word comment, or a program that carries out a didascalia of chance. Here the abstract visual grammar interferes, and the didascalia becomes formal."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:EncodedIllustration a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded illustration"@en,
        "illustration encodée"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.9, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :EncodedPeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "An illustration as encoded: a LaTeX figure environment (a float), or an \\includegraphics set in the flow, between paragraphs or inside one (a minipage, wrapfig); TEI <figure>; HTML <figure> or <img>; OOXML w:drawing, anchored inline or floating (:placementAnchor). Encodes an :Illustration; usually names an image file (:includesImage)."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:EncodedListLabel a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded list label"@en,
        "étiquette encodée"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :EncodedListEntry ] ;
    skos:definition "A label written out in the encoded text: the optional argument of LaTeX \\item[...], TEI <label>, HTML <dt>. Number labels are usually NOT encoded: the counter of an enumerate or an <ol> gives them their value at typesetting, which exists only in the digital-form book (:resolvedValue), as a page number does. Encodes a :ListLabel."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:EncodedPronunciation a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded pronunciation"@en,
        "prononciation encodée"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :DigitalBookByContents ] ;
    skos:definition "A pronunciation written into the encoded text or beside it: an SSML <phoneme alphabet=\"ipa\" ph=\"...\">, an entry of a W3C PLS lexicon, EPUB 3's ssml:ph attribute. Usually absent: the phonemes of an audiobook are computed at synthesis time, as line breaks at typesetting time."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:EncodedStrophe a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded strophe"@en,
        "strophe encodée"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :DigitalBookByContents ] ;
    skos:definition "A strophe as delimited in the encoded text: TEI <lg>, a blank line in a LaTeX verse environment, a paragraph in Word."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:EncodedTable a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded table"@en,
        "tableau encodé"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.9, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :EncodedPeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "A table as encoded: a LaTeX table environment (a float), or a bare tabular or longtable in the flow, between paragraphs or inside one; TEI <table>; HTML <table>; OOXML w:tbl. Encodes a :Table; its cells are :EncodedTableCell."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:EncodedTableCell a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded table cell"@en,
        "cellule encodée"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.8)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :EncodedTable ] ;
    skos:definition "A cell as encoded: TEI <cell> in <row>, HTML <td> or <th> in <tr>, OOXML w:tc in w:tr, a field between & in a LaTeX row. Markup is a tree and holds one of the table's orders: rows are elements, columns are found by counting cells, and spans (\\multicolumn, @cols, colspan, w:gridSpan) make the count depend on the rows above -- the overlap problem of markup once more. Encodes a :TableCell."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:FormNotFixed a :FormFixation ;
    rdfs:label "form not fixed"@en,
        "forme non fixée"@fr ;
    skos:definition "No layout is stored: the form is computed per rendering (plain text, a reflowable EPUB, an XML source)."@en ;
    :fixationRank 1 ;
    :region "C_form" .

:FrontFlap a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "front flap"@en,
        "rabat avant"@fr ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:FrontPanel a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "front cover / front panel"@en,
        "première de couverture"@fr ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:GenerativeOrder a :OrderingRegime ;
    rdfs:label "generative order"@en,
        "ordre génératif"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 3; editorial (v0.3), absorbing the memorandum's 'personalized reading experience'." ;
    rdfs:comment "Historical anchor already in the ontology: :CentMilleMilliards is proto-generative — a combinatorial system whose realized text exists only per reading event. The dynamically generated book generalizes the Queneau stress test; it does not require new theory, only this individual."@en ;
    skos:definition "The ordering regime in which the content units themselves — not merely their sequence — are produced during the reading event, conditioned on reader input or feedback; the limit case beyond reader-instantiated order."@en ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:GeometricTransform a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "geometric transform"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.12: translation removed (it was listed with the other transforms). A page-description language that works with a current transformation matrix (PostScript, PDF cm) combines both parts; the ontology separates them."@en ;
    skos:definition "The linear part of an affine transform on the occurrence: rotation, scaling, shear (slanting), reflection. Translation is excluded: it is placement, carried by the myph sequence and the myph's displacement, not a feature of the myph's shape."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:Grammaticality a :JudgedProperty ;
    rdfs:label "Grammatikalität"@de,
        "grammaticality"@en,
        "grammaticalité"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Of a sentence: conforming to the syntax of the language variety."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:GraphematicSolutionSpace a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "graphematic solution space"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Neef 2005, 2015; M&D 2022, §5.1, §5.3." ;
    skos:definition "The set of graphematically well-formed spellings of a linguistic unit (Neef 2005, 2015). Orthography selects the licensed member(s); the unlicensed rest are marked * in grapholinguistics."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:HeaderCell a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "header cell"@en,
        "cellule d'en-tête"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :TableCell ;
    skos:definition "A cell that heads other cells (:heads): a column head, a row head (stub entry), a spanner over several column heads. A value cell is read with its heads."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Hemistich a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "hemistich"@en,
        "hémistiche"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VerseLine ] ;
    skos:definition "Half of a verse line, a unit only where a tradition makes it one: the two halves of an Arabic verse, set apart on the page with a fleuron between them."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:HumanReadingEvent a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "human reading event"@en,
        "événement de lecture humaine"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.3)." ;
    owl:equivalentClass :ReadingEvent ;
    skos:definition "A reading by a human, perceptually and bodily engaging an observable book. Equivalent to :ReadingEvent, whose definition it inherits; the name makes explicit, beside :MachineInterpretation, what 'reading' means in this ontology."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:HyphenationCorrectness a :JudgedProperty ;
    rdfs:label "hyphenation correctness"@en,
        "correction de la coupure"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Of a hyphenation claim: placing the points its regime licenses for the word form. Judged where no claim of the norm exists to check the claim against (a word missing from the dictionary, a word the patterns misread)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ImageOnlyDigitalBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "image-only digital book"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Haralambous 2019 (multipage TIFF, image-only DjVu vs. PDF/PostScript/DVI)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :NotRecoverable ;
            owl:onProperty :hasTextRecoverability ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :FormFixedToMarks ;
            owl:onProperty :formFixedAt ],
        :DigitalBookByForm ;
    skos:definition "A fixed-form digital book carrying NO recoverable numeric text: pure page images. The only kind of digital-form book that is genuinely 'by image'."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:InitialTitle a :TitlePosition ;
    rdfs:label "initial title"@en,
        "titre initial"@fr ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Intertitle a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "intertitle"@en,
        "intertitre"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 294ff." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Lang_Arabic a :Language ;
    rdfs:label "Arabic"@en ;
    :languageTag "ar" ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Lang_French a :Language ;
    rdfs:label "French"@en,
        "français"@fr ;
    :languageTag "fr" ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Lang_German a :Language ;
    rdfs:label "German"@en ;
    :languageTag "de" ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Lang_Hebrew a :Language ;
    rdfs:label "Hebrew"@en ;
    :languageTag "he" ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Lang_Japanese a :Language ;
    rdfs:label "Japanese"@en ;
    :languageTag "ja" ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Lang_Mandarin a :Language ;
    rdfs:label "Mandarin Chinese"@en ;
    :languageTag "cmn" ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Lang_MonotonicGreek a :Language ;
    rdfs:label "monotonic Greek"@en ;
    :isVarietyOf :Lang_Greek ;
    :languageTag "el-monoton" ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Lang_Persian a :Language ;
    rdfs:label "Persian"@en ;
    :languageTag "fa" ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Lang_PolytonicGreek a :Language ;
    rdfs:label "polytonic Greek"@en ;
    :isVarietyOf :Lang_Greek ;
    :languageTag "el-polyton" ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Lang_Russian a :Language ;
    rdfs:label "Russian"@en ;
    :languageTag "ru" ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Lang_Serbian a :Language ;
    rdfs:label "Serbian"@en ;
    :languageTag "sr" ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Lang_Turkish a :Language ;
    rdfs:label "Turkish"@en ;
    :languageTag "tr" ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Lexicality a :JudgedProperty ;
    rdfs:label "Lexikalität"@de,
        "lexicality"@en,
        "lexicalité"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Of a word form: being a word of the language variety. A word form need not be lexical to be a word form (a nonce word such as Carroll's slithy is one, judged non-lexical)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ListOfIllustrations a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "list of illustrations"@en,
        "table des illustrations"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "CMOS 17, §§1.40-1.41." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :List,
        :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "A list whose entries (:IllustrationListEntry) annotate the illustrations of the book, each quoting a number, a caption or its short form, and a page reference, as a table of contents does for divisions."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ListOfTables a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "list of tables"@en,
        "liste des tableaux"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "CMOS 17, §§1.40-1.41." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :List,
        :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "A list whose entries (:TableListEntry) annotate the tables of the book, as a list of illustrations does for illustrations."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:LocationBetweenParagraphs a :ScopeKind ;
    rdfs:label "a location between two paragraphs"@en,
        "un emplacement entre deux paragraphes"@fr ;
    skos:broader :LocationScope ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:LocationInParagraph a :ScopeKind ;
    rdfs:label "a location inside a paragraph"@en,
        "un emplacement à l'intérieur d'un paragraphe"@fr ;
    skos:broader :LocationScope ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:MachineHyphenation a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "machine hyphenation"@en,
        "coupure automatique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MachineInterpretation ;
    skos:definition "The step of a typesetting process in which a pattern set is run on character strings: a machine reading of the word forms they encode, deterministic and fallible, whose results are :Hyphenation claims (prov:wasGeneratedBy). The printed counterpart of a synthesizer's grapheme-to-phoneme front end."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:MetricalConformity a :JudgedProperty ;
    rdfs:label "metrical conformity"@en,
        "conformité métrique"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Of a verse line, hemistich or strophe: conforming to a metre (the alexandrine, the iambic pentameter). A judgement, not a shape: syllable count depends on diaeresis, synaeresis and the mute e, decided by interpretation; judged against a :JudgementBasis that names the metre."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:MorphotacticWellFormedness a :JudgedProperty ;
    rdfs:label "morphotactic well-formedness"@en,
        "bonne formation morphotactique"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Of a word form: its morphemes occurring in an order the morphology of the variety admits. Presupposes a segmentation (:hasMorpheme, from the hara core)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:NotRecoverable a :TextRecoverability ;
    rdfs:label "not recoverable (image-only)"@en ;
    skos:definition "No character-coded text underlies the form; the page is pixels only (multipage TIFF, DjVu without a text layer, a scan with no OCR)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:NumberLabel a :ListLabelKind ;
    rdfs:label "number ('1.', '(a)', 'iv)')"@en,
        "numéro"@fr ;
    :region "Λ" .

:OCRProcess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "OCR process"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 4 and Glossary, s.v. 'OCR'." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity,
        :RecognitionProcess ;
    skos:definition "Conversion of page images to machine-readable text; its provenance matters because the result is a deeply mediated image of a physical object, not liquid pixels."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:OrthoepicCorrectness a :JudgedProperty ;
    rdfs:label "orthoepic correctness"@en,
        "correction orthoépique"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Of a pronunciation: being the one its orthoepy or lexicon licenses. The spoken counterpart of orthographic correctness; a mispronunciation in a sounding book is a judgement with value false."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:OrthographicCorrectness a :JudgedProperty ;
    rdfs:label "orthographische Richtigkeit"@de,
        "orthographic correctness"@en,
        "correction orthographique"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Of a word form: being spelled as its orthography licenses, i.e. being the member of its graphematic solution space that the orthography selects. Judged against a dated :Orthography (or a dictionary codifying it), so that the same spelling may be correct against one norm and incorrect against another."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:PageLevelSetting a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "page-level setting"@en,
        "réglage de page"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.7, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ConcreteSetting ;
    skos:definition "Concrete values attached to one page, spread or frame rather than to a kind of unit or to an encoded unit (:appliesToPage): this image here on page 37, this frame narrower on this spread. The trace of make-up done by hand, following from no grammar and no unit of the text; the authored counterpart of :DirectFormatting."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:Papyrus a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "πάπυρος"@el,
        "papyrus"@en,
        "papyrus"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 and Glossary." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialSupport ;
    skos:definition "Writing support of two perpendicular layers of cyperus papyrus pith strips beaten until fused; its two-layer structure creates the grain that dictates rolling direction."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:ParagraphScope a :ScopeKind ;
    rdfs:label "a paragraph"@en,
        "un paragraphe"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:PerPageNumbered a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "per-page-numbered codex"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PaperCodexFixed ;
    skos:definition "A codex numbering each page individually (the ordinary case), as opposed to :FacingPageNumbered, where a number is shared across the two pages of an opening (Budé, Loeb)."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:PhysicalBookView a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "physical-book view"@en,
        "vue du livre physique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.5); Mak 2011 (the visual page is not the physical page)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Entity,
        :ObservableState ;
    skos:definition "The concrete, time-bound visual state a physical book presents to a reader: an opening of a codex, an unrolled stretch of a scroll, a tablet face, under a given light and angle. The material counterpart of :PixelBook. Not the book itself: the physical book is the lasting artefact that presents it (:presents)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Postface a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "postface"@en,
        "postface"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 161." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:altLabel "afterword"@en,
        "postscript"@en,
        "après-dire"@fr,
        "après-propos"@fr,
        "post-scriptum"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Preface a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "preface"@en,
        "préface"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 161; CMOS 17, §§1.40–1.41." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:altLabel "foreword"@en,
        "introduction"@en,
        "note"@en,
        "notice"@en,
        "preamble"@en,
        "preliminary remarks"@en,
        "prelude"@en,
        "presentation"@en,
        "proem"@en,
        "prologue"@en,
        "warning"@en,
        "avant-dire"@fr,
        "avant-propos"@fr,
        "avertissement"@fr,
        "discours préliminaire"@fr,
        "exorde"@fr,
        "proème"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Introductory allocution about the text; CMOS distinguishes the foreword (by someone other than the author, signed at the end with place and date, §1.40) from the preface (by the author, §1.41)."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Prescriptive a :DidascalicMode ;
    rdfs:label "prescriptive"@en,
        "prescriptive"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Written before the form, to direct it: the author's, an editor's, a translator's, a designer's."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Prompt a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "prompt"@en,
        "amorce (prompt)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.3)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Deliberately open FRBR question, to be argued in the monograph: is the prompt an Expression whose realization is delegated to the model, or a mere production instruction (like a binder's signature mark — producer-facing text that is not part of the work)? The catchword precedent suggests instructions can be both textual and non-authorial."@en ;
    skos:definition "The textual instruction conditioning a generation process."@en ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:Punctuation a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "punctuation mark"@en,
        "signe de ponctuation"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.12)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Not all graphemes belong to morphemes: punctuation is the main class that does not. Replaces the v0.5.11 rule keyed to Anis's topograms (v0.5.12, after Haralambous)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :Sentence ],
        :Grapheme ;
    skos:definition "A grapheme that structures sequences of words and sentences rather than composing morphemes. It always occurs in a sentence (dc:isPartOf), sometimes inside a word form (:inWordForm: the apostrophe of «aujourd'hui», a hyphen), and never in a morpheme. Its graphemic status rests on its function, not on the minimal-pair test, which does not apply to it."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:RasterShape a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "raster shape"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :GlyphShape ;
    skos:definition "A glyph shape defined as a bitmap, i.e. a matrix of number tuples."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:ReadingCopy a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "reading copy"@en,
        "texte de lecture"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Rubery 2016, chs. 2-3 (Talking Book studio practice); editorial (v0.6)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialBookByContents ;
    skos:definition "The copy a narrator reads from in the studio, marked for performance: pronunciations, pauses, how notes and headings are to be voiced, where each side ends."@en ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:ReadingItinerary a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "reading itinerary"@en,
        "itinéraire de lecture"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997 (the author's/publisher's reading instructions)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "The peritext that EXPRESSES an expected reading order: a 'how to use this book' note, a chapter-dependency diagram, a graded table of contents, Cortázar's Tablero de dirección."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:ReconstructedDidascalia a :DidascalicAttestation ;
    rdfs:label "reconstructed"@en,
        "reconstituée"@fr ;
    :region "Λ" .

:RecordingSide a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "recording side"@en,
        "face"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Rubery 2016, pp. 65-66." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :SoundMaster ] ;
    skos:definition "The stretch of a recording on one side of a disc (about fifteen minutes on a Talking Book record): the sounding counterpart of the page, into which the text is cut; announced sides are the sounding folios."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:RegulatingAuthority a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "regulating authority"@en,
        "instance de régulation"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "M&D 2022, §5.2 (Nerius feature 1); e.g. RAE, Académie française, Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung, DIN, the Unicode Consortium / ISO." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Agent ;
    skos:definition "The instance that decrees or codifies an orthography or a collation regime: a language academy, an orthography council, a ministry, a dictionary publisher, a standards body. Distinct from facet 6's :RegulatorAddressee (a regulator a paratext is ADDRESSED to); here the authority DECREES the norm."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:RegulatorAddressee a :ParatextAddressee ;
    rdfs:label "regulator / legal system"@en,
        "régulateur"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.3); cf. CMOS 17, §§1.20–1.35 (copyright page as proto-regulatory paratext)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Completes the addressee series reader / producer / retail (facet 5): the copyright notice and legal-deposit mention were already implicitly regulator-facing; the AI-transparency statement makes the addressee impossible to ignore."@en ;
    skos:definition "The legal apparatus as primary functional addressee of a paratext element whose presence is mandated by law rather than by trade custom or readerly need."@en ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:ResolvedInProduction a :ChanceResolution ;
    rdfs:label "once in production"@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ResolvedPerCopy a :ChanceResolution ;
    rdfs:label "per copy"@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ResolvedPerDisplay a :ChanceResolution ;
    rdfs:label "per display"@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:RichDigitalBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "rich digital book"@en,
        "livre numérique riche"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.9, after Haralambous); ISO 19005-3 (PDF/A-3); ISO 14289 (PDF/UA)." ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.5.15: read as the top of a gradient. A rich digital book carries content as such and fixes form at least down to lines (:formFixedAt): a tagged PDF, a PDF/A-3 with XML, an InDesign document. An IDML file (form fixed to blocks) and a Word document (page geometry only) carry content and their concrete grammar but do not fix the form enough to be digital books by form."@en ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:intersectionOf ( :DigitalBookByContents :DigitalBookByForm ) ] ;
    skos:definition "A digital item that belongs to both digital corners: it fixes a visual form and also carries encoded content as such -- a PDF/A-3 with embedded XML, a tagged PDF with its structure tree, a PDF enclosing its LaTeX source. Hybrid by construction, not by accident."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:Screen a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "screen"@en,
        "écran"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 36." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf hcio:OutputEquipment ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Script_Brai a :UnicodeScript ;
    rdfs:label "Brai — Braille"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.11: a tactile script of 64 six-dot cells (U+2800 to U+283F; eight-dot cells to U+28FF), shared by the braille writing systems of many languages. Unicode braille patterns encode CELLS (shapes), not graphemes: in a PEF file they belong to C_form."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Script_Hebr a :UnicodeScript ;
    rdfs:label "Hebr — Hebrew"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Script_Hira a :UnicodeScript ;
    rdfs:label "Hira — Hiragana"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Script_Kana a :UnicodeScript ;
    rdfs:label "Kana — Katakana"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Silk a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "silk"@en,
        "soie"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1; Tsien 2004." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialSupport ;
    skos:definition "Luxury Chinese writing support, 3rd–5th c. CE especially."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:SoundingGrammarRule a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "sounding grammar rule"@en,
        "règle de grammaire sonore"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PresentationGrammarRule ;
    skos:definition "One rule of an abstract sounding grammar: for one kind of unit (:appliesTo), the sounding features that set it apart (:prescribesFeature)."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:SpinePanel a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "spine"@en,
        "dos"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2; Genette 1997, p. 26; CMOS 17, §§1.69–70." ;
    skos:definition "The bound back of the codex, standing outward on the shelf since the mid-16th c., hence carrying author, title, edition, publisher (CMOS 1.69–70); Genette p. 26."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:SymbolLabel a :ListLabelKind ;
    rdfs:label "symbol (bullet, dash, check box)"@en,
        "puce"@fr ;
    :region "Λ" .

:TableHeader a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "table header"@en,
        "en-tête de tableau"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :Table ] ;
    skos:definition "The column heads of a table taken as one unit, read before its body. When the table runs over several pages, the visual grammar repeats it at the top of each (:RepeatedOnEachPage), as the running head repeats the division title: the reader who opens the table on its seventh page cannot hold the first page's column order in mind."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:TactileLine a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "tactile line"@en,
        "ligne tactile"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :TactilePage ] ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:TactilePage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "tactile page"@en,
        "page tactile"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :TactileBook ] ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:TalkingBookRecord a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "talking-book record"@en,
        "disque du livre parlant"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Rubery 2016, pp. 65–66." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :AudioCarrier ;
    skos:definition "The 12-inch vinylite disc engineered by the American Foundation for the Blind (1932): 150 grooves/inch at 33⅓ rpm — a long-playing record fourteen years before the commercial LP; c. 15 minutes per side (War and Peace ran to 118 records)."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" ;
    :remediates :PrintedCodex .

:TermLabel a :ListLabelKind ;
    rdfs:label "term (headword, glossary or description-list term)"@en,
        "vedette"@fr ;
    :region "Λ" .

:TerminalTitle a :TitlePosition ;
    rdfs:label "terminal title"@en,
        "titre terminal"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 65; Schironi, To Mega Biblion, Ann Arbor 2010." ;
    skos:definition "A title placed after the content it titles, read last: Debussy's Préludes (Genette 1997, p. 65); the end-titles of Greek papyrus rolls and codices (Schironi 2010); the explicit of medieval manuscripts."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:TwoSidedInscription a :Affordance ;
    rdfs:label "two-sided inscription"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, chs. 1, 3 (papyrus one-sided; xylographic rubbing forcing the butterfly binding)." ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:UnboundBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "unbound / boxed book"@en,
        "livre en feuilles (sous coffret)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 3 (Saporta; Johnson; Schneeman; Blake's leaves as sold)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalBook ;
    skos:definition "Loose leaves or cards in an enclosure (box, portfolio, slipcase); the enclosure supplies the volume-like exterior, interior order left to the reader."@en ;
    :affords :Refoldability ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:UncontractedMode a :WritingMode ;
    rdfs:label "uncontracted"@en,
        "intégral"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Cells relate to the graphemes of the print system one by one, with indicators (capital sign, number sign)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:UnicodeBlock a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Unicode block"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:VisualGraph a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual graph"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Perceived token of a glyph; bridges to :Glyph (digital-form) and :Grapheme (linguistic) via the hara core. The visual subclass of the medium-neutral :Graph."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualWord ],
        :Graph ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualTextBlock a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual text block"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualPage ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualWord a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual word"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualLine ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Voice a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "voice"@en,
        "voix"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Entity ;
    skos:definition "The font of sound: a synthetic voice, or the recorded voice of a narrator, by which speech segments are realized (:spokenWithVoice)."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:WS_English a :WritingSystem ;
    rdfs:label "English writing system"@en ;
    :ofLanguage :Lang_English ;
    :region "Φ" ;
    :usesScript :Script_Latn .

:Wax a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "wax"@en,
        "cire"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 (pugillares)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialSupport ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:XMLDocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "XML document"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :DeclarativeMarkup ;
            owl:onProperty :codeKind ],
        :MarkupDocument ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:containsMyph a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "contains myph"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :MyphSequence ;
    rdfs:range :Myph ;
    skos:definition "A myph belonging to the sequence. Myphs are tokens, so they are genuine parts; their order is given by :nextMyph (v0.6.12; it followed their :placedAt positions)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasNextPage a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:InverseFunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has next page"@en,
        "a pour page suivante"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw <<physical-book>> (physical-page has-next physical-page)." ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalPage ;
    rdfs:range :PhysicalPage ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasOrderingRegime a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has ordering regime"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The pagination SHACL shapes below apply only where the value is :FixedTotalOrder."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalBook ;
    rdfs:range :OrderingRegime ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:hasRectoPage a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has recto"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalLeaf ;
    rdfs:range :RectoPage ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:hasTextRecoverability a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has text recoverability"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :DigitalBookByForm ;
    rdfs:range :TextRecoverability ;
    skos:definition "How far the numeric (character-coded) text can be recovered from a fixed-form document; the axis that separates a text-bearing PDF from a scanned one."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasVersoPage a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has verso"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :PhysicalLeaf ;
    rdfs:range :VersoPage ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:inFont a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in font"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Glyph ;
    rdfs:range :Font ;
    :region "C_form" .

:materializationOf a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "materialization of"@en,
        "matérialisation de"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.12, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6: also from the observable book to the material-form book: a printed page of the made-up page, a printed line of the composed line, a graph of the sort that printed it, a sounding book of its master."@en ;
    skos:definition "A unit of the observable book is the printed or displayed materialization of a unit of the digital-form book: visual page of typeset page, visual text block of typeset block, visual line of typeset line, graph of myph (:graphOfMyph). A fact of production (resident), holding only when the observable book was produced from that file: a manuscript has no typeset counterpart, and a reflowed e-book display has visual lines that no typeset line fixes. Allowed pairs: :MaterializationLevelShape (v0.5.12)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:nextMyph a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:InverseFunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "next myph"@en,
        "myphe suivant"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.12, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:domain :Myph ;
    rdfs:range :Myph ;
    skos:definition "The myph that follows this one in its sequence, in the drawing order of the file, which need not be the reading order. Its functionality is why myphs are individuals, one per occurrence: two occurrences of the same glyph with the same features have different successors."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:openingRecto a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "opening recto (right)"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Opening ;
    rdfs:range :RectoPage ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:openingVerso a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "opening verso (left)"@en ;
    rdfs:domain :Opening ;
    rdfs:range :VersoPage ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:presents a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "presents"@en,
        "présente"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 37; editorial (v0.5.5)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Domain widened from :Screen to physical books in v0.5.5, and to audio carriers (which present sounding books) in v0.5.8, so that paper, parchment and papyrus books reach the observable corner the same way screens do."@en ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :Screen :PhysicalBook :AudioCarrier :BrailleDisplay :MaterialBookByContents :MaterialBookByForm :Proof ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :ObservableState ;
    skos:definition "Relates a carrier to an observable state it presents: a screen presents a pixel book; a physical book presents a view of itself (an opening, a stretch of a roll) -- and a region of a scroll presents a visual page (Mak's pagina). The carrier is a lasting object, the state time-bound; one carrier presents many states."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:typesetFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "typeset from"@en,
        "composé à partir de"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :producedMechanically ;
    skos:definition "A unit of the digital-form book was produced by the typesetting process from a unit of the digital-content book: typeset block from encoded paragraph, encoded peritext element or encoded division; myph sequence from character string (:shapedFrom) or from encoded reference (its resolved value); typeset anchor from encoded location or encoded unit. A fact of production (resident), recorded when known: a DVI or PDF normally does not preserve it -- the loss the digital-form corner's far left stands for -- while a tagged PDF (:RichDigitalBook) does. Allowed pairs: :TypesettingLevelShape."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:AbstractVisualGrammar a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "abstract visual grammar"@en,
        "grammaire visuelle abstraite"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.14, after Haralambous); Spitzmüller 2013, pp. 203-207 (graphisches Wissen); Genette 1997, p. 320 (note placements); CMOS 17, ch. 1." ;
    rdfs:comment "A convention, not a function forms carry by themselves: scoped to a tradition, a period and a community (:inTradition) and sourced like any convention. This is how the ontology takes Spitzmüller's and Drucker's point that a decontextualized grammar of visual design is not to be had; a reader's competence in the grammar is Spitzmüller's graphisches Wissen. It serves twice, in production (encoded content toward typeset form) and in reading (recognition of peritext). Often no file holds it: it lives in style manuals and in designers' and readers' heads. v0.5.16: one individual per book; what it was drawn from (a tradition, a house style, CMOS) is provenance (:inTradition, :derivedFromSource). The level shared across books is the tradition, in the conventions, not the grammar."@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso :TypographicTradition ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :AbstractPresentationGrammar ;
    skos:definition "The abstract visual grammar in force for one book (an individual per book, followed by its encoded text: :followsGrammar): a body of RELATIONAL rules stating how each kind of unit, above all each kind of peritext element, is made visually distinct from the main text and from the others: a footnote is smaller than the text, set below it, separated from it by a rule or blank space, and runs on at the foot of the next page; a marginal note is smaller still and set in the margin level with its referent; a running head is small and set above the text block. Its rules hold no values (no point sizes, no lengths): they are oppositions, the emic level of the page, and a reader's recognition of a footnote rests on them. Keyed to the kinds of element the encoded text labels; drawn on the left edge of the digital-content corner."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:AlgorithmicObfuscation a :ObfuscationType ;
    rdfs:label "algorithmic obfuscation"@en ;
    skos:broader :RecoverableObfuscation ;
    skos:definition "Recoverable by applying an algorithm to the visible text (grouping node)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Amendability a :Affordance ;
    rdfs:label "amendability"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, chs. 1–2 (wax erasure; papyrus emendation vs. hardened clay; manuscripts outliving Gutenberg partly for this — Chartier)." ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Artwork a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "artwork"@en,
        "document à reproduire"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.8)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf fabio:Item ;
    skos:definition "A drawing, photograph or map supplied with the copy, apart from it, for reproduction as an illustration; the copy marks only where it goes ('Fig. 3 about here', a :CopyMark). Its form is fixed before composition, so it stands in the material-form region, as an image file stands in the digital-form one (:ImageFile :remediates :Artwork)."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:AuthorsCopy a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "author's copy"@en,
        "manuscrit d'auteur"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialBookByContents ;
    skos:definition "The manuscript or typescript the author delivers: copy in the printer's sense."@en ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:BambooSlip a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "bamboo slip"@en,
        "latte de bambou"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1; Liu Guozhong 2016." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialSupport ;
    skos:definition "Narrow strip split from a bamboo stalk, cured, polished on the 'yellow side', and bound with cords into jiance."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:BinaryInstructionStream a :CodeKind ;
    rdfs:label "binary instruction stream"@en,
        "flot d'instructions binaire"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Binary opcodes interpreted by a driver, not source code, readable only through a listing: DVI (interpreted by dvips and previewers)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:Caption a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "caption"@en,
        "légende"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "CMOS 17, §§3.21-3.38 (captions and legends); editorial (v0.6.8, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
                    owl:unionOf ( :Illustration :Table ) ] ],
        :AnnotatingElement,
        :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "The text attached to an illustration or a table: as a rule its label and number ('Figure 3.', 'Table 2.'), a title, and a legend explaining it. Part of the item and annotating it (:annotates), so that an annotating element is itself annotated. Whether it stands above or below the item is the visual grammar's (:AboveAnnotatedElement, :BelowAnnotatedElement: tables usually above, illustrations below). A short form of it is quoted in the list of illustrations or of tables."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Chapter a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "chapter"@en,
        "chapitre"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :Division ;
    owl:equivalentClass bibo:Chapter ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Clay a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "clay"@en,
        "argile"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw <<physical-book>> ('clay-tablet' as support); Borsuk 2018, ch. 1." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialSupport ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:ConsultativeReading a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "consultative reading"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ExpectedReadingOrder ;
    skos:definition "Not read through but consulted: random access to a self-contained unit (:readingUnit), typically an entry or lemma: the dictionary, the encyclopedia, the manual. The whole is not meant to be traversed."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:ContentFigure a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "content figure"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :CarriedForm ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:CoordinateSystem a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "coordinate system"@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:Cord a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "cord"@en,
        "cordelette"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1; Urton 2003." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialSupport ;
    skos:definition "Spun and plied fiber string; the support of khipu, whose knots, colors, and ply directions are the signs."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Cut a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "cut (relief block)"@en,
        "cliché"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Gaskell, A New Introduction to Bibliography, Oxford 1972; editorial (v0.6.8)." ;
    skos:definition "A relief printing block -- woodcut, wood engraving, line block, halftone -- made type-high, set with the type in the made-up page and locked in the forme, so that the picture prints with the text. The material counterpart of a placed image; an intaglio image, which could not print with type, went instead on a plate leaf printed apart (:PlateLeaf)."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:DeclarativeMarkup a :CodeKind ;
    rdfs:label "declarative markup"@en,
        "balisage déclaratif"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Text parsed but not executed: XML, HTML."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:DigitalBookBySound a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "digital book by sound"@en,
        "livre numérique sonore"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 39; Borsuk 2018, ch. 4; Rubery 2016." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf fabio:DigitalItem,
        :DigitalBookByForm ;
    skos:definition "A digital item encoding the book as recorded (or synthesized) sound; the digital audiobook, heir of the Talking Book (AFB 1932)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" ;
    :remediates :SoundMaster,
        :TalkingBookRecord .

:Dingbat a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "dingbat"@en,
        "ornement typographique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Haralambous 2019; Unicode 12.0 (Dingbats block; general category So)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Distinct from a :GraphemeClassLogogram (which has a linguistic signified and belongs to the writing system) and from an emoji (a dingbat is typically monochrome type, an emoji a colour pictogram). A dingbat-reading is :Pictographic."@en ;
    skos:definition "An individual pictographic or decorative mark that acquires meaning from context and collective use-convention rather than from a writing system's minimal pairs: a printer's ornament, a symbol such as the steaming-coffee-cup, a pointing manicule. Many are Unicode-encoded, mostly in general category So (:GC_So)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:EmbeddedFontSubset a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "embedded font subset"@en,
        "sous-ensemble de fonte incorporé"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.13, after Haralambous); ISO 32000 (embedded font programs)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :Font ;
    skos:definition "A font as embedded in a page-description file: usually only the glyphs the document uses, and usually without its layout tables (GSUB, GPOS), since the shaping has already been spent in the choice of glyphs. Without them, the embedded font is a repertoire again, as a font was before TrueType."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:EncodedList a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded list"@en,
        "liste encodée"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.8)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :DigitalBookByContents ] ;
    skos:definition "A list as encoded: LaTeX itemize, enumerate, description; TEI <list type>; HTML <ul>, <ol>, <dl>. OOXML has no list element: a Word list is a run of paragraphs each carrying a numbering reference (w:numPr), i.e. labels without extent, and the list as a unit is reconstructed by the processor. Encodes a :List."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:EncodedReference a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded reference"@en,
        "renvoi encodé"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :DigitalBookByContents ] ;
    skos:definition "A reference as encoded: LaTeX \\pageref, \\ref, \\thepage; TEI <ref target>, <ptr>; an HTML link. It carries a pointer (:pointsTo), not a value: the value is computed by the typesetting process and exists only in the digital-form book (:resolvedValue). Encodes a :Reference."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:FormFixedToBlocks a :FormFixation ;
    rdfs:label "fixed down to blocks (frames)"@en,
        "fixée jusqu'aux blocs (blocs de texte)"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Pages and frames with their coordinates are stored, the lines are not: text reflows inside fixed frames (IDML)."@en ;
    :fixationRank 3 ;
    :region "C_form" .

:FormFixedToPageGeometry a :FormFixation ;
    rdfs:label "page geometry only"@en,
        "géométrie de la page seulement"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Only page size and margins are stored; lines and page breaks are recomputed at every rendering (a Word document)."@en ;
    :fixationRank 2 ;
    :region "C_form" .

:HyphenationPatternSet a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "hyphenation pattern set"@en,
        "motifs de coupure"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Liang 1983 (Word Hy-phen-a-tion by Com-put-er); Knuth, The TeXbook, appendix H; editorial (v0.6.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Entity ;
    skos:definition "A set of Liang patterns (strings of letters with inter-letter digits, odd values permitting and even values forbidding a break, the maximum over all matching patterns winning), with its exceptions, for one language variety: a resource of the typesetting process, as a font is. It knows nothing of morphemes or pronunciation, but was learned by patgen from a hyphenated word list (prov:wasDerivedFrom) whose hyphenator did: a compiled approximation of a hyphenation regime."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:ImageFile a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "image file"@en,
        "fichier image"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.8, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf fabio:DigitalItem ;
    skos:definition "A raster or vector image (PNG, JPEG, TIFF, SVG, EPS, a page of a PDF) included by an encoded illustration. Its form is fixed before any typesetting, so it is drawn in the digital-form region: an encoded illustration is the one place where the digital-content book points across the border into fixed form before the typesetting process runs."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" ;
    :remediates :Artwork .

:Lang_Greek a :Language ;
    rdfs:label "Greek"@en ;
    :languageTag "el" ;
    :region "Φ" .

:LanguageModel a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "language model"@en,
        "modèle de langue"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.3); PROV-O 2013 (SoftwareAgent)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:SoftwareAgent ;
    skos:definition "A generative statistical model of language capable of producing text conditioned on a prompt; participates in book production as a software agent whose activities are recorded as provenance."@en ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:LinguisticJudgement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "linguistisches Urteil"@de,
        "linguistic judgement"@en,
        "jugement linguistique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.5, after Haralambous); Neef 2015 (orthography licenses from a solution space); PROV-O 2013." ;
    rdfs:comment "Judgements are relative and may disagree: to a variety (:relativeToVariety), to a norm (:judgedAgainst: a dictionary of 2000 or of 2020), to an agent (prov:wasAttributedTo) and to a date (prov:generatedAtTime). A judgement with value false is how a breach of these conventions is recorded (the eye dialect of Keyes, the reversed half of Brown's 'The End'); there is no shape to fail. It is the RESULT of an :InterpretiveAct, never an act itself: a dictionary says something about a form in general, and a judgement about an occurrence exists only once someone or something applies it there; the act is given by prov:wasGeneratedBy when known (the dictionary is the basis, the act the producer). Not to be confused with a :Realization, the other result of interpretive acts: a realization IDENTIFIES (which unit a mark is taken to be; Φ → Λ; relative to a competence; cannot be false), a judgement EVALUATES (whether a Λ unit meets a norm; relative to a stated norm and variety; false = breach). Identification precedes evaluation. Revives, in a cleaner form, the :Attribution retired in v0.5.3."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Entity,
        :Judgement ;
    skos:definition "A statement, attributed to a source, that a linguistic unit has or lacks a linguistic property (lexicality, orthographic correctness, morphotactic well-formedness, grammaticality) relative to one language variety. The value is boolean (:judgementValue) or graded (:acceptability). The ontology records judgements and does not make them: their expectation is an open competence (a lexicon, a morphology, a grammar) that it does not contain."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:MakeUpProcess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "make-up"@en,
        "mise en pages"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ;
    skos:definition "Cutting galleys into pages under the book's grammar: notes to the foot, heads and folios in place, page references filled in (:madeUpFrom). Remediated by the output routine and the second pass."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:MatrixCase a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "matrix case (die-case)"@en,
        "châssis de matrices"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.1, after Haralambous)." ;
    skos:definition "The Monotype caster's grid of matrices, each at a position with a width in units of the set: the arrangement the keyboard's unit counting presupposes and the ribbon's codes address, as a DVI file addresses a font through its TFM metrics."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:MetatextElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "metatext element"@en,
        "élément de métatexte"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Ingarden 1931 (Haupttext and Nebentext); editorial (v0.6.10, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Not Genette's metatextuality (the commentary of one text on another): the metatext here is the work's own direction about its realization, Ingarden's Nebentext."@en ;
    skos:definition "A unit of the linguistic book that says how the text should be realized rather than being part of what is realized: a didascalia. Metatext names what a unit does, peritext where it is; the two are not disjoint (a printed preface that gives directions is both)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Morpheme a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "morpheme"@en,
        "morphème"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "Interface class; the actual morphological segmentation of a word is imported from the hara core. Morpheme membership is a property of grapheme occurrences in a word, not of abstract graphemes — which is why the ligature shape below is an occurrence-level (myph) path-shape."@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso <https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18411037> ;
    skos:closeMatch gold:Morpheme ;
    :region "Λ" .

:NoteElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "note"@en,
        "note"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 319–343." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :AnnotatingElement,
        :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "Annotation attached to a segment of text; anciently the gloss (p. 320); 16th-c. side/marginal notes migrating to the 18th-c. foot of the page; senders = senders of prefaces (p. 322), with registers of intensity / degrees of obligation to read; extreme cases: Finnegans Wake ch. X noted in both margins and foot; a single note occupying a sixth of Renaud Camus's Échanges."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ObservableBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "observable book"@en,
        "livre observable"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 52." ;
    rdfs:comment "Restored in v0.5.7 after its accidental deletion in v0.5.5."@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso dul:Situation ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :VisualBook :SoundingBook :TactileBook ) ] ;
    :region "Ontology metadata" .

:OneHandedUse a :Affordance ;
    rdfs:label "one-handed use"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, chs. 1, 4 (pugillares; curled paperback; Kindle Oasis grip)." ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:PageNumbering a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "page-numbering system"@en,
        "système de pagination"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw; the G21C proceedings (Greek-numbered index); CMOS 17, §1.6." ;
    skos:definition "A named sequence of page numbers within a work or edition: roman front-matter numbering, arabic body numbering, a Greek-numbered index, or the original numbering preserved in a facsimile. Page numbers compare and increment only within one :PageNumbering."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:PalmLeaf a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "palm leaf"@en,
        "feuille de palmier"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 (pothī)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialSupport ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:PaperBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Buch aus Papier"@de,
        "paper book"@en,
        "livre papier"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 17 (INTERSECTION fabio:Item ⊓ ≥1 fabio:isStoredOn.fabio:Paper)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
            owl:onClass :Paper ;
            owl:onProperty fabio:isStoredOn ],
        :PhysicalBook ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:PaperCodexFixed a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "fixed-layout paper codex"@en ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:intersectionOf ( :PaperBook :CodexBook :FixedLayoutBook ) ] ;
    skos:definition "Scoping class for the pagination constraints: the ordinary printed book."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Parchment a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Pergament"@de,
        "parchment"@en,
        "parchemin"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 and Glossary." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialSupport ;
    skos:definition "Writing support of limed, stretched, and dried animal hide; name from Pergamon, a production center of the 4th c. BCE."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:PhonologicalSystem a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "phonological system"@en,
        "système phonologique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.11, after Haralambous)." ;
    skos:definition "The spoken modality of a language (variety): its inventory of phonemes and their rules. The counterpart of the writing system; one per language variety (:phonologyOf)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:PhysicalSheet a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "sheet"@en,
        "feuille (de fabrication)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw <<physical-book>> (physical-sheet); Borsuk 2018, ch. 1, fig. 3." ;
    skos:definition "A single piece of substrate as manufactured, before folding; the unit the press prints and the folder folds."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:PlacedImage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "placed image"@en,
        "image placée"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.8); ISO 32000 (image and form XObjects)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Tables leave no unit of their own in the digital-form book: they become typeset blocks (one per cell or per row) and rules, and the grid is found again only by a reader or by layout analysis. A tagged PDF, which keeps <Figure> and <Table> structure elements beside the marks, is a :RichDigitalBook."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :TypesetPage ] ;
    skos:definition "An image placed on a typeset page: a PDF image or form XObject, an EPS file included in PostScript, a DVI \\special. A rectangle with a position, a size and possibly a clipping path, drawn from an image file (:drawsImage). The label 'illustration' is spent here as 'footnote' is: the page-description file knows a placed image, not an illustration; the caption beside it is an ordinary typeset block. Typeset from an encoded illustration (:typesetFrom)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" ;
    :remediates :Cut .

:PrintedCodex a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "printed codex"@en,
        "codex imprimé"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, chs. 1–2." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :CodexBook,
        :FixedLayoutBook ;
    skos:definition "A codex produced by printing (xylographic, letterpress, offset, digital print); pagination fixed at manufacture."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Quire a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "quire / gathering / signature"@en,
        "cahier"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 and Glossary." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
            owl:onClass :PhysicalLeaf ;
            owl:onProperty :hasMember ] ;
    skos:definition "A gathering of nested folded leaves sewn or bound as a unit; the modular building block of the codex book block, allowing parallel work by several scribes or presses."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:ReaderInstantiatedOrder a :OrderingRegime ;
    rdfs:label "reader-instantiated order"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 3." ;
    skos:definition "Little or no item-level order; a sequence exists only as the outcome of a reading event (shuffled cards, refolded accordions, Queneau's interchangeable strips); possibly bracketed by fixed opening/closing units (Johnson's The Unfortunates; Coover's 'Heart Suit')."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:RecoverableObfuscation a :ObfuscationType ;
    rdfs:label "recoverable obfuscation"@en ;
    skos:definition "Concealment the reader can undo, more or less easily, or that is only hinted at (grouping node)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Refoldability a :Affordance ;
    rdfs:label "refoldability"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 3 ('The Book as Recombinant Structure')." ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:RetailAddressee a :ParatextAddressee ;
    rdfs:label "bookseller / retail system"@en,
        "appareil commercial"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, chs. 2 and 4; Striphas 2009." ;
    skos:definition "The distribution and sale apparatus: ISBN and barcode, genre labels for shelving, spine titling for outward-facing shelves."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Script_Arab a :UnicodeScript ;
    rdfs:label "Arab — Arabic"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Script_Cyrl a :UnicodeScript ;
    rdfs:label "Cyrl — Cyrillic"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Script_Grek a :UnicodeScript ;
    rdfs:label "Grek — Greek"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Script_Hani a :UnicodeScript ;
    rdfs:label "Hani — Han"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:SerializedStructure a :CodeKind ;
    rdfs:label "serialized structure"@en,
        "structure sérialisée"@fr ;
    skos:definition "A machine-written set of objects, only partly code: in PDF, the content streams are in a restricted operator language without control flow, the other objects are resources, much of them binary (fonts, images)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:SoundingChapterHead a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "sounding chapter head"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :SoundingBook ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:SoundingProsodicPhrase a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "prosodic phrase"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :SoundingSpeechRun ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:SoundingSpeechRun a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "speech run"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( [ a owl:Restriction ;
                        owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
                        owl:someValuesFrom :SoundingTextBlock ] [ a owl:Restriction ;
                        owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
                        owl:someValuesFrom :SoundingChapterHead ] ) ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:SoundingTextBlock a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "sounding text block"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :SoundingBook ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Staging a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "staging"@en,
        "mise en page (mise en scène)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.10, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Entity ;
    skos:definition "A consistent set of didascaliae for one work or one stretch of it (:inStaging). Several stagings may coexist when a fragment can be articulated visually in different ways, or when sources compete (author, editor, translator); a rendition realizes one (:realizesStaging)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Stamper a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "stamper"@en,
        "matrice de pressage"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialBookByForm ;
    skos:definition "The metal negative electroformed from the master through intermediate parts, whose ridges press the grooves of the records: the voice hidden in relief, as the text is in the forme."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:SuggestedReadingPath a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "suggested reading path"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997; Cortázar, Rayuela (1963, two reading orders)." ;
    skos:definition "One concrete named itinerary the book proposes: an ordered selection of content units (an rdf:Seq via :pathSequence): a 'short course', a 'beginner's path', Cortázar's Rayuela ordering."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:TableOfContents a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "table of contents"@en,
        "table des matières"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 316–317; CMOS 17, §1.38; Borsuk 2018, ch. 2." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :List,
        :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "List of the book's divisions; conventionally at the front in English and German books, at the back in French (a cultural convention worth representing); may attribute titles to untitled chapters, amplify (p. 317), or quote incipits (p. 317); parts take no page numbers (CMOS 1.38). Genealogically descended from the binder's register of first words."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:TactileBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "tactile book"@en,
        "livre tactile"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.11, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Entity,
        :ObservableState ;
    skos:definition "The book as it reaches a reader's touch: an embossed braille volume under the fingers, or the cells raised on a refreshable braille display. Read sequentially, cell by cell, without the glance of the visual book."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:TextBreak a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "break"@en,
        "blanc / séparateur"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "CMOS 17, §1.58." ;
    skos:definition "A division stronger than a paragraph but weaker than a subhead, marked ornamentally or typographically (extra space)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Typeface a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "typeface"@en,
        "police (dessin)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, Glossary, s.v. 'Font' (typeface = idea, font = product)." ;
    skos:definition "The design of a coordinated set of letterforms — an idea, distinct from its embodiment as a product."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:TypesetAnchor a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "typeset anchor"@en,
        "ancre composée"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.14, after Haralambous); ISO 32000 (named destinations)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :TypesetPage ] ;
    skos:definition "A position on a typeset page that carries no ink: where an encoded location, or the start of an encoded unit, landed. A PDF named destination; the page-and-number record LaTeX writes to its .aux file for a \\label. It has no materialization: printed or displayed, it becomes nothing."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:TypesetLine a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "typeset line"@en,
        "ligne composée"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.8)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :TypesetBlock ] ;
    skos:definition "A line of set type on one baseline, part of a typeset block."@en ;
    :region "C_form" ;
    :remediates :ComposedLine .

:UndocumentedFormat a :FormatDocumentation ;
    rdfs:label "undocumented"@en,
        "non documenté"@fr ;
    skos:definition "No public specification: readable only through its vendor's program (the native InDesign document, QuarkXPress, Apple Pages). It admits no code view and no listing, only the vendor's views; when the program can no longer run, the file can no longer be read."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:VectorShape a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "vector shape"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :GlyphShape ;
    skos:definition "A glyph shape defined by Bézier contours (quadratic or cubic)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:encodes a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "encodes"@en,
        "encode"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.12, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6: also from the material-content row: a copy encodes the book it carries, a copy mark the unit it labels. No written-sentence classes duplicate the linguistic book's units."@en ;
    skos:definition "A unit of the digital-content book encodes a unit of the linguistic book: encoded division a division, encoded paragraph a paragraph, character string a sentence or word form, character a grapheme (:encodesGrapheme). Resident: the encoder's markup asserts it. Allowed pairs: :EncodingLevelShape (v0.5.12)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:yannis a foaf:Person ;
    rdfs:label "Yannis Haralambous" ;
    foaf:name "Yannis Haralambous",
        "Γιάννης Χαραλάμπους"@el ;
    :hasORCIDidentifier "0000-0003-1443-6115" ;
    :region "Ontology metadata" .

:AuthoredMakeUp a :MakeUpMode ;
    rdfs:label "authored pages (make-up through reading)"@en,
        "pages construites"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Pages and frames built as objects by a person looking at the page, the text flowing into threaded frames; make-up is a transition through reading. A frame may refuse text (overset)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:AxisSetting a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "axis setting"@en ;
    skos:definition "A chosen value on one design axis at a placement: the token's coordinate in the glyph's design space."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:BackPart a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "back matter / end matter"@en,
        "annexes"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 82; CMOS 17, §§1.4, 1.59–1.68." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :Book ] ;
    skos:definition "Acknowledgments, appendices, chronology, abbreviations, glossary, notes, bibliography/references, list of contributors, illustration credits, indexes, about the author; today errata usually move online."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:BrailleFormDocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "braille form document"@en,
        "document braille formaté"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :DigitalBookByForm ;
    skos:definition "A braille file fixed to cells, lines and pages (typically 40 cells by 25 lines), with braille page numbers and print page indicators: the braille PDF. Its Unicode braille patterns or braille-ASCII characters encode cells, not graphemes."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:ComposedLine a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "composed line"@en,
        "ligne composée (en plomb)"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
                    owl:unionOf ( :Galley :MadeUpPage ) ] ] ;
    skos:definition "A justified line of type: sorts set in the composing stick or by the Monotype caster, or a Linotype slug. Part of a galley, then of a made-up page."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:CopyMedium a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "copy medium"@en ;
    skos:definition "CLOSED vocabulary: :HandwrittenCopy, :TypewrittenCopy."@en ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:DerivedMakeUp a :MakeUpMode ;
    rdfs:label "derived pages (mechanical make-up)"@en,
        "pages dérivées"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Pages computed from the text stream, the styles and the fonts at each rendering; make-up is a mechanical transition. The page is an optional view of the stream (Google Docs' pageless mode)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:DidascalicAttestation a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "didascalic attestation"@en ;
    skos:definition "CLOSED vocabulary: :AttestedDidascalia (written by its source: Mallarmé's instructions on his proofs, his printed 'Observation'), :ReconstructedDidascalia (inferred by an editor from proofs, letters or a printed form: the 2004 reconstruction of the Vollard layout of the Coup de dés)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:DidascalicMode a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "didascalic mode"@en ;
    skos:definition "CLOSED vocabulary: :Prescriptive, :Descriptive."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:EncodedVerseLine a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded verse line"@en,
        "vers encodé"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :DigitalBookByContents ] ;
    skos:definition "A verse line as a unit of the encoded text: TEI <l>. LaTeX's \\\\ and HTML's <br> encode only its END, a point standing for the unit, the same lossy point-for-unit encoding as \\label; in Word, Enter makes the line a paragraph and Shift+Enter a break."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:FixedLayoutBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "fixed-layout book"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 4 (contrast class)." ;
    skos:definition "A book whose page boundaries and numbering are properties of the item itself, identical across all copies and reading events (printed codices; fixed-layout digital facsimiles)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:FrontPart a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "front matter"@en,
        "pages liminaires"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 80; CMOS 17, §§1.3–1.4, 1.47." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :Book ] ;
    skos:definition "Preliminary matter (prelims): half title, series title / list of other works / frontispiece, title page, copyright page, dedication, epigraph, table of contents, lists of illustrations/tables, foreword, preface, acknowledgments, abbreviations, chronology, publisher's/translator's/editor's notes. NB: the introduction belongs to the text, not the front matter (CMOS 1.47)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:GrammarSourceFile a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "grammar source file"@en,
        "fichier source de grammaire"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.16, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf fabio:DigitalItem,
        :GrammarSource ;
    skos:definition "A file a book's visual grammar is drawn from, shared by many books: a LaTeX class or package, a CSS stylesheet, an XSLT stylesheet producing XSL-FO, a layout program's style sheets. Not itself the grammar of any book: the grammar in force is the merge of its sources and the book's own overrides."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:InterpretiveAct a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "interpretive act"@en,
        "acte interprétatif"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "SCOPE. The ontology records the interpretations an act entertains and their distribution, not the route by which the candidates became available -- training, earlier readings, or a critical edition whose apparatus taught the reader that the editor prefers one reading and that other scholars argued for others. That route is deliberately out of scope: a reader who has absorbed an apparatus and then reads the papyrus carries its alternatives into her own reading event, and the model sees them there. A scholar's judgement is a human reading event like any other. What 'most readers see' remains an aggregate over interpretive acts, never a primitive."@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso obo:BFO_0000016 ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ;
    skos:definition "An activity in which marks are assigned interpretations, or linguistic units are evaluated against a norm. Identification: which grapheme(s) a graph realizes (:Realization) and, for a machine, which myph it is taken from (:GlyphIdentification), possibly several at once with weights (:probability). Evaluation (v0.6.5): whether a unit is lexical, correctly spelled, morphotactically well formed or grammatical, recorded as a :LinguisticJudgement generated by the act (prov:wasGeneratedBy). A human reader exercises a competence (a lasting disposition, realized in the act); a machine applies a trained or programmed procedure. Either way the result is graded and fallible, never crisp. Kinds: :HumanReadingEvent (= :ReadingEvent) and :MachineInterpretation (a language model's :MachineReadingEvent, or a :RecognitionProcess)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:JudgementBasis a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "judgement basis"@en,
        "référentiel de jugement"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.5)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Entity ;
    skos:definition "What a judgement is made against: a dictionary (in a given edition), a word list, a descriptive or prescriptive grammar, an orthographic rulebook, a corpus, a trained model. An :Orthography may also serve directly."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Lang_English a :Language ;
    rdfs:label "English"@en ;
    :languageTag "en" ;
    :region "Φ" .

:LevelDirection a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "collation level direction"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Reifies a (level, direction) pair; direction reuses the reading-direction sense (:WritingDirection) and is independent of the script's own writing direction."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:LocationScope a :ScopeKind ;
    rdfs:label "a location (any)"@en,
        "un emplacement (quelconque)"@fr ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Lookup a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "lookup (OpenType)"@en ;
    skos:definition "One GSUB (substitution) or GPOS (positioning) lookup of an OpenType font: a typed rule over glyphs, run by a shaping engine when a feature that references it is applied."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:MakeUpMode a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "make-up mode"@en ;
    skos:definition "CLOSED vocabulary: :DerivedMakeUp, :AuthoredMakeUp."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:NarrationProcess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "narration process"@en,
        "processus de narration"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Rubery 2016, pp. 7–8, 86–87, 245–246; editorial (v0.3.1)." ;
    rdfs:comment "The straight-vs-performed axis (Vieni 1976 to Katz 'we injected performance', Rubery 2016) is a convention contested in communities — sourced claims over the process, not a class of artefact. Its agent is variably named reader/narrator/speaker/performer."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ;
    skos:definition "An activity in which a human (or, for the generated book, a synthetic) voice realizes a book's linguistic content as recorded sound, producing a :DigitalBookBySound or, before the computer, a :SoundMaster from which :AudioCarrier inscriptions are pressed (v0.6); the sounding counterpart of :OCRProcess and :GenerationProcess."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Opening a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "opening"@en,
        "double page"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, chs. 1, 3 and Glossary; Kirschenbaum 2008." ;
    rdfs:comment "For :UnboundBook the space between facing stacks is only ambiguously an opening (Borsuk ch. 3): asserted for bound codices and accordions, not entailed for unbound books."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onClass :VersoPage ;
            owl:onProperty :openingVerso ;
            owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onClass :RectoPage ;
            owl:onProperty :openingRecto ;
            owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] ;
    skos:definition "The two-page spread visible when a codex lies open: exactly one verso (left) facing exactly one recto (right); a first-class layout unit, since the codex offers a fundamentally comparative visual space (Kirschenbaum) composed across."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Orthographeme a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "orthographeme"@en,
        "orthographème"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Haralambous 2026; M&D 2022, ch. 5; Neef 2015; the collation-vs-pedagogy split from the Spanish-ch and Arabic-lam-alif cases." ;
    rdfs:comment "The -eme marks an emic invariant; what is distinctive is the individuation criterion (decree, not commutation). An orthographeme is :groundedIn whichever layer its application privileges: collation orthographemes track the :Grapheme (distinctiveness needed for a sort key), pedagogical ones track the :BasicShape / ligature (production unity, learnability). Spanish ch: a grapheme (ch = one phoneme) elevated to a collation and, classically, a pedagogical unit (che). Arabic lam-alif: NOT a grapheme (lam+alif) but a mandatory ligature taught as one unit — a pedagogical orthographeme, decomposed in collation."@en ;
    skos:definition "The elementary unit of a writing system's orthography: an emic invariant fixed BY DECREE of an instance (academy, ministry, standards body) for a given APPLICATION (:orthographemeApplication) — as opposed to the :Grapheme, whose invariance is fixed by the minimal-pair test. Application-relative and divergent: a mark may be an orthographeme in one application and not another."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:PageNumberEntry a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "page-number entry"@en ;
    skos:definition "The assignment of one number, in one :PageNumbering, to one page. A page may have several entries (a facsimile carrying original and reprint numbers) or none (an unnumbered blank between sections)."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:PaperColor a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Papierfarbe"@de,
        "χρῶμα χαρτιοῦ"@el,
        "paper color"@en,
        "couleur de papier"@fr ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Paragraph a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "paragraph"@en,
        "paragraphe"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 86; editorial (v0.5.11)." ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.5.11: part of a division (a chapter, a part), of the body directly when the book has no divisions, or of a peritext element (a preface); was part of the :Book directly. v0.6.8: also of a list entry or a table cell. dc:isPartOf is not transitive in this ontology, so the chain paragraph ⊑ division ⊑ body ⊑ book is stated level by level."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
                    owl:unionOf ( :Division :BodyPart :PeritextElement :ListEntry :TableCell ) ] ] ;
    :region "Λ" .

:PlacementAnchor a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "placement anchor"@en ;
    skos:definition "CLOSED vocabulary: :AnchoredInText, :AnchoredOnPage."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:PrefaceStance a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "preface stance"@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:ProductionStatus a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "production status"@en,
        "statut de production"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.3); the authored/generated distinction argued in the monograph's LLM chapter." ;
    rdfs:comment "The claimed status of a text with respect to authorial responsibility, NOT a description of its causal history. :hasProductionStatus asserts how a text is presented; :hasGeneratedProportion (6.1) records what was in fact generated. The two may disagree — that disagreement is exactly what misattribution and staged automatism consist in."@en ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:ProgramSource a :CodeKind ;
    rdfs:label "program source"@en,
        "code source de programme"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Text in a programming language, written to be interpreted, by humans or by machines: TeX and LaTeX, PostScript (as Python or Perl)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:RandomAccess a :Affordance ;
    rdfs:label "random access"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, chs. 1, 4; Stallybrass 2001 (the codex = scrolling PLUS leaping)." ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:RecognitionCue a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "recognition cue"@en ;
    skos:definition "CLOSED vocabulary: :CueVisualGrammar, :CueExplicitLabel."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:RecognitionProcess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "recognition process"@en,
        "processus de reconnaissance"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.9, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MachineInterpretation ;
    skos:definition "A machine interpretation confined to one stratum: optical or handwriting recognition (marks to glyphs and characters, :GlyphIdentification), layout analysis (typeset or image blocks to paragraphs; logical layout analysis, blocks to peritext elements such as notes and running heads, v0.5.14), a statistical comparison of hands. It recognizes; it does not read."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:ScopePrecedence a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "scope precedence"@en ;
    skos:definition "One pair of a partial order on the members of a scope (:inScope, :earlierMember, :laterMember): reified because the same units may stand in other orders in other scopes. Where no precedence is given, the members keep the linear order of the text."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Script a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "script"@en,
        "écriture (système de formes)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Meletis & Dürscheid 2022 (script vs. writing system); Haralambous 2026." ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.11: visual OR TACTILE (braille is a script, Spitzmüller 2025; Meletis 2020: the marks of writing are visual and/or tactile)."@en ;
    skos:definition "A visual or tactile writing script: the inventory of letterforms / basic shapes, abstracted from any one language. Distinct from :WritingSystem (the written modality of a language): many writing systems use one script (French, German, Turkish: Latin), and one writing system may use several (Serbian; Japanese). There is no 'Cyrillic writing system', only the Cyrillic script used by the Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian... writing systems. A grapheme is linked to its script directly (:inScript), since a writing system may use several (v0.5.12; formerly only through :inWritingSystem then :usesScript)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Scroll a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "scroll (volumen)"@en,
        "rouleau"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 and Glossary." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalBook ;
    skos:definition "A rolled length of flexible support inscribed in successive columns and read by progressive unrolling; Latin volumen, source of 'volume'."@en ;
    :affords :Amendability,
        :Portability,
        :SequentialAccess ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:StandardizedFormat a :FormatDocumentation ;
    rdfs:label "standardized"@en,
        "normalisé"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Specified by a standards body: OOXML (ISO/IEC 29500), ODF (ISO/IEC 26300), PDF (ISO 32000)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:Strophe a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "stanza"@en,
        "strophe"@en,
        "strophe"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.10, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
                    owl:unionOf ( :Division :BodyPart :PeritextElement ) ] ] ;
    skos:definition "A group of verse lines, sibling of the paragraph: a division holds paragraphs, strophes or both (prosimetrum, the prose poem). Its pattern (quatrain, tercet) is a convention of a tradition; its set-off on the page is the visual grammar's."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Subhead a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "subhead"@en,
        "intertitre de section"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "CMOS 17, §1.56 (subheads have levels; numbered or unnumbered)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :Chapter ],
        :DivisionHeader ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Tablet a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "tablet"@en,
        "tablette"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalBook ;
    skos:definition "A rigid, hand-scaled slab bearing inscription, readable on one or both faces and stable on a flat surface."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:TactileFeature a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "tactile feature"@en,
        "trait tactile"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PresentationFeature ;
    skos:definition "A relational, value-free tactile property of a kind of unit. OPEN vocabulary."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:TitlePosition a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "title position"@en,
        "position du titre"@fr ;
    skos:definition "CLOSED vocabulary: :InitialTitle, :TerminalTitle."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:TypesetBlock a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "typeset block"@en,
        "bloc composé"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.9, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Replaces :TypesetParagraph (v0.5.8), which claimed knowledge the file does not have (v0.5.9)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :TypesetPage ] ;
    skos:definition "A sequence of contiguous typeset lines in the second direction of the script, within one page (and one column). The file records blocks, not paragraphs: whether a block begins, continues or ends a paragraph is not stated in a DVI or PDF, and is recovered only by interpretation."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:producedFrom a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "produced from"@en,
        "produit à partir de"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.1, after Haralambous)." ;
    skos:definition "A state of the book in a production row was produced from an earlier state. Two kinds (v0.6.1): mechanical (direct, no reading) and through reading (a summary of the full cycle)."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:Authenticity a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "authenticity"@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:CarriedForm a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "carried form"@en ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw <<physical-book>>." ;
    skos:definition "A visible form carried by the support: text, content figure, or decorative figure, rendered in a distinctive color against the base color."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:ChanceResolution a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "chance resolution"@en ;
    skos:definition "CLOSED vocabulary: when chance is drawn. :ResolvedInProduction (once, by the typesetter or the program, the same in every copy), :ResolvedPerCopy (each printed copy differs), :ResolvedPerDisplay (each display differs: the form is never fixed, cf. :formFixedAt)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:CollationRegime a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "collation regime"@en,
        "régime de collation"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Unicode Collation Algorithm, UTS #10; ISO/IEC 14651; DIN 5007-1/-2; M&D 2022, §5.4 (Coulmas's 'sequence' and 'type of codification')." ;
    skos:definition "A decreed comparison scheme for a writing system, aligned to the Unicode Collation Algorithm (UTS #10) and ISO/IEC 14651: a tailoring assigning multi-level weights to collation elements and fixing variable-weighting and per-level direction. Plural: one writing system may have several (German DIN 5007-1 dictionary vs DIN 5007-2 phone-book; a CLDR/ISO 14651 root tailoring; the RAE ordering)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:CollationWeight a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "collation weight"@en ;
    skos:definition "A UTS #10 weight vector for one collation element: primary (base), secondary (accent), tertiary (case), and a variable/quaternary level. Comparison proceeds level by level; equal vectors = a tie."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:CompositionMethod a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "composition method"@en ;
    skos:definition "CLOSED vocabulary: :HandComposition, :LinotypeComposition, :MonotypeComposition (phototypesetting left for later)."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:CompositionProcess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "composition"@en,
        "composition"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ;
    skos:definition "Setting the marked copy in type, by hand or by machine, under the book's concrete grammar (:appliesGrammar): output galleys (:composedFrom). Remediated by the typesetting process."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:CopyMark a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "copy mark"@en,
        "marque de préparation"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6, after Haralambous)." ;
    skos:definition "A mark written on the copy by the copy-editor (or the author) that labels a unit of the text ('fn', 'A head', 'ext.') or instructs its setting: the manual label, as a markup element is the digital one. It encodes the linguistic unit it labels (:encodes); :markLabel records the mark as written."@en ;
    skos:example "v0.6.8: 'Fig. 3 about here' in the margin of the copy, the manual encoding of an illustration's scope (a location), the illustration itself being supplied apart as artwork (:Artwork); 'list' or 'NL' (numbered list) against a run of entries; 'table' against a typescript table."@en ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:EncodedListEntry a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded list entry"@en,
        "entrée de liste encodée"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :EncodedList ] ;
    skos:definition "An entry as encoded: LaTeX \\item, TEI <item>, HTML <li> or a <dt>/<dd> pair, an OOXML paragraph with numbering properties. Encodes a :ListEntry."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:FontFeature a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "font feature (OpenType)"@en,
        "fonctionnalité de fonte"@fr ;
    skos:definition "A named OpenType feature of a font ('locl', 'liga', 'kern', 'init', 'smcp', 'onum'), available under one or more language systems and implemented by lookups."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:FormFixedToLines a :FormFixation ;
    rdfs:label "fixed down to lines"@en,
        "fixée jusqu'aux lignes"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Pages, frames and the composed lines are stored; the myphs are placed again from them when the file is opened (an InDesign document, as long as it is not recomposed)."@en ;
    :fixationRank 4 ;
    :region "C_form" .

:FormatDocumentation a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "format documentation"@en ;
    skos:definition "CLOSED vocabulary: :StandardizedFormat, :PublishedFormat, :UndocumentedFormat."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:Forme a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "forme"@en,
        "forme"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :FormFixedToMarks ;
            owl:onProperty :formFixedAt ],
        :MaterialBookByForm ;
    skos:definition "Made-up pages imposed and locked in a chase for one side of a sheet, arranged so that the printed sheet folds into page order: the content wholly hidden in reversed lead, the far left of the material row."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:GrammarSource a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "grammar source"@en,
        "source de grammaire"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Anything a book's visual or sounding grammar is drawn from and that serves many books: a house style manual, a designer's specification sheet, a LaTeX class, a CSS stylesheet (v0.6)."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:GraphemeClass a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "grapheme class"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Anis 1988; Haralambous & Dürst 2019, §4.3." ;
    skos:definition "Anis's (1988) autonomistic classification of graphemes by their role in meaning, cutting across the Unicode general category."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Illustration a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "illustration"@en,
        "illustration"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "CMOS 17, ch. 3 (illustrations and tables); Genette 1997, Conclusion (illustration left aside); editorial (v0.6.8, v0.6.9, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.9: renamed from :Figure (after Haralambous, following CMOS's 'illustration'); no longer under :DisplayItem, which is withdrawn. Genette's inventory leaves illustration aside; the class makes illustrations peritext in the ontology's sense (annotating elements), not in his."@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso :ContentFigure ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty :annotates ;
            owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
                    owl:unionOf ( :Location :LinguisticUnit ) ] ],
        :AnnotatingElement,
        :PeritextElement ;
    owl:disjointWith :Table ;
    skos:definition "A drawing, a photograph, a diagram, a map, a musical example: an annotating element always attached to a scope (:annotates) -- a location (between two paragraphs or inside one), a paragraph, a division or the whole book (a frontispiece) -- and set with respect to it by the abstract visual grammar (:ScopePlacement, :forScope): exactly at its location, at the end of the paragraph, at the head of the next page, on a page of its own... It does not necessarily stand in the linear order of the text, and is not a float: a LaTeX float is one mechanism applying some of these rules. It has a caption (:hasCaption), is usually numbered and referred to by number ('Fig. 3': :ByNumber). Its body is not linguistic: the linguistic book holds the illustration as a unit (its scope, its caption, its number, the references to it), and what it depicts is reached in the observable book by a reading that takes marks as a picture (:perceivesAsPicture); words inside it (labels, a key) are read locally. Having no internal order, it has no point at which the text flow could break it: it is kept whole (:KeptWhole), on one page, across the two pages of an opening (:AcrossOpening, :spansGutter), or on a fold-out (:OnFoldOut)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ListLabel a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "list label"@en,
        "étiquette d'entrée (numéro, puce, vedette)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.8, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :ListEntry ] ;
    skos:definition "The sub-block that opens a list entry and says which entry it is or what it is about (:labelKind): a number, a symbol, or a term. A number label is a deictic reference by number: its value is the entry's own position in the list numbering, computed by LaTeX's enumerate as a page number is computed. A symbol label is the same for every entry and means, by convention, 'next entry'. A term label (a dictionary headword, a glossary term, the term of a description list) is the only one with content of its own, and it makes the list consulted rather than read."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ListLabelKind a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "list label kind"@en,
        "type d'étiquette"@fr ;
    skos:definition "CLOSED vocabulary: :NumberLabel, :SymbolLabel, :TermLabel."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:MarkedCopy a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "marked copy"@en,
        "copie préparée"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6); CMOS 17, ch. 2 (manuscript editing and marking)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialBookByContents ;
    skos:definition "The copy as prepared for the printer: corrected and marked up by the copy-editor, whose marks label its units (this is a note, a head, an extract) and give instructions (run in, set in small capitals). The origin of the word 'markup'; remediated by the encoded text."@en ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:MarkupDocument a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "markup document"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :DigitalBookByContents ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:MonotypeRibbon a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Monotype ribbon"@en,
        "ruban Monotype"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.1, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.1: moved from the material-content book (v0.6 wrongly called it an encoding of the text and the ancestor of the digital content file); remediated by the DVI file, not by the encoded text."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :FormFixedToLines ;
            owl:onProperty :formFixedAt ],
        :MaterialBookByForm ;
    skos:definition "The punched paper ribbon produced at the Monotype keyboard, which drives the caster. Not an encoding of the text but the result of composition: the operator decided the line breaks and hyphenations when the justification scale showed the line full (so the ribbon holds word fragments, not words), and keyed the justification codes that set the interword space at casting (the ribbon is read backwards, so each line's justification comes first). Its perforations select matrices by their positions in the matrix case, which is how font changes (roman, italic, bold) are made: glyph selections, not characters. A line described as in a page-description language, like DVI's font-relative codes, except that interword space stays elastic until casting, like TeX's glue; and as TeX needs TFM files, the keyboard's unit counting presupposes the matrix case's arrangement (:ribbonForCase). Form fixed down to lines."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:OrthographicRule a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "orthographic rule"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Neef 2015 (systematic vs conventional orthography); Ewald 2007 (given/set, general/particular); M&D 2022, §5.3." ;
    skos:definition "A codified prescription of an orthography, cross-classified by SOURCE — :GivenRule (pre-existing: overlaps graphematic regularity) vs :SetRule (external only, exists solely as codified) — and by SCOPE — :GeneralRule (rulebook) vs :ParticularRule (dictionary/word-list entry)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Phoneme a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "phoneme"@en,
        "phonème"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.11, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Realized by phones (:Phone) in the sounding book, as graphemes by graphs; encoded by IPA characters (:encodesPhoneme) where a pronunciation is written out."@en ;
    skos:definition "A unit of the spoken modality of a language: the spoken counterpart of the grapheme (:inPhonologicalSystem, :inMorpheme). Interface class: phonology is imported, not redefined. For a book that was written, phonemes are not resident units of the text but are supplied by readings and lexicons (:Pronunciation)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ProducerAddressee a :ParatextAddressee ;
    rdfs:label "production agent (binder, collator, pressman)"@en,
        "agent de fabrication"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2; Stallybrass 2001." ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Pronunciation a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "pronunciation"@en,
        "prononciation"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.11, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Homographs (lead / lead; les fils / les fils) are resolved here, by the reading that supplies the pronunciation."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Entity ;
    skos:definition "A claim, attributed to a source, that a unit of the linguistic book is pronounced as a given sequence of phonemes: a narrator's reading (prov:wasGeneratedBy the reading event), a synthesizer's grapheme-to-phoneme front end (a machine reading), a pronunciation guide or lexicon. Not resident in a written book, which gives its text in graphemes; recorded where a form depends on it (the sounding book), and judged for orthoepic correctness."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Proof a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "proof"@en,
        "épreuve"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf fabio:Item ;
    skos:definition "A pull taken from standing type for correction."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:PublishedFormat a :FormatDocumentation ;
    rdfs:label "published by its vendor or author"@en,
        "publié"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Specified publicly but not standardized: IDML (Adobe), PostScript (Adobe's reference manual), DVI (Knuth), the binary .doc since 2008."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:ReadingStratum a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "reading stratum"@en ;
    skos:definition "A layer of first-read priority attached to a content unit."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:RectoPage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "recto"@en,
        "recto (belle page)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 and Glossary; CMOS 17, §1.5 ('rectos are odd-numbered')." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPage ;
    skos:definition "The front side of a leaf. Which hand it falls on is binding-relative: the right-hand page in left-bound books (Western; Mongolian vertical), the left-hand page in right-bound books (Semitic scripts; Japanese and Chinese vertical). Conventionally odd-numbered in Western per-page numbering — a numbering convention, not a property of the side. From Roman recto, the ruled interior of the papyrus scroll, the 'right place to write'."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:SenderRole a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "sender role"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 181 (prefaces), pp. 337–340 (notes)." ;
    skos:definition "Genette's sender typology, shared by prefaces and notes: authorial (autographic), actorial (by a person in the story), allographic (by a third party, e.g. editorial)."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:SequentialAccess a :Affordance ;
    rdfs:label "sequential access"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, chs. 1, 4; Stallybrass 2001." ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Sort a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "sort"@en,
        "caractère mobile (type)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 and Glossary, s.v. 'Sorts'; editorial (v0.6)." ;
    rdfs:comment "The font of the digital-form chapter was historically a cast collection of sorts (see :Font): the glyph/myph pair of the computer remediates the matrix/sort pair."@en ;
    skos:definition "A cast piece of type metal bearing one reversed letterform on its face: the metal occurrence of a font's glyph (:sortOfGlyph), cast from the glyph's matrix. Set in a line, it is a physical myph; printed, it leaves a graph (:materializationOf)."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:SoundMaster a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "sound master"@en,
        "matrice d'enregistrement (master)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Rubery 2016, chs. 2-3; editorial (v0.6)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialBookByForm ;
    skos:definition "The master recording of a narration: a wax or lacquer disc cut on a lathe, later a master tape. The sounding counterpart of standing type."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:TextRecoverability a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "text recoverability"@en ;
    skos:definition "The degree to which numeric text underlies a fixed visual form."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:TypographicTradition a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "typographic tradition"@en,
        "tradition typographique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.4)." ;
    skos:definition "A community- and period-scoped body of typographic convention. Tradition-scoped shapes are guarded by it, as pragmatic force is scoped to a community."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:VerseLine a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "verse line"@en,
        "vers"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.10, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Enjambment is derived, never asserted: a sentence that does not end at a verse-line end (a query over dc:isPartOf). Metrical conformity is a judgement (:MetricalConformity), rhyme too."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
                    owl:unionOf ( :Strophe :Division :PeritextElement ) ] ] ;
    skos:definition "A line of verse: a unit of the linguistic book whose end is meant to be read and, in recitation, heard, unlike the computed line ends of prose. It contains word forms (dc:isPartOf on the word form), which are also parts of sentences: the metrical and the syntactic hierarchies cross, and neither contains the other. Distinct from the typeset line: a verse line too long for the measure is set with a turnover (two typeset lines), and a verset may take several."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:VersoPage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "verso"@en,
        "verso"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 and Glossary; CMOS 17, §1.5 ('versos are even-numbered')." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalPage ;
    skos:definition "The back side of a leaf. Binding-relative hand: the left-hand page in left-bound books (Western; Mongolian vertical), the right-hand page in right-bound books (Semitic scripts; Japanese and Chinese vertical). Conventionally even-numbered in Western per-page numbering. From verso folium, the 'turned leaf' of the scroll's back."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:VisualBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual book"@en,
        "livre visuel"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 41; editorial (v0.5.5)." ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.5.5: was :PaperBook ⊔ :PixelBook, which mixed an item with a state and left parchment and papyrus books with no visual book."@en ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :PhysicalBookView :PixelBook ) ] ;
    skos:definition "A book as visually observable: a time-bound visual state presented by a carrier -- a view of a physical book (paper, parchment, papyrus...) or a pixel book on a screen."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualLine a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual line"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Spreadsheet pointed at ':TextBlock'; corrected to :VisualTextBlock."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualTextBlock ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:WritingMode a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "writing mode"@en,
        "mode d'écriture"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Spitzmüller 2025 ('braille writing systems usually define so-called modes')." ;
    skos:definition "A mode a writing system provides, between which a text or a rendition chooses: uncontracted and contracted braille. OPEN vocabulary."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:annotates a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "annotates"@en,
        "annote"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 319 (the note attached to a segment of text); editorial (v0.5.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:domain :AnnotatingElement ;
    rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :Location :LinguisticUnit ) ] ;
    skos:definition "The referent of a note: the passage (a unit) or the point (a :Location, where the callout stands) it comments on. A logical fact of the linguistic book; where the note is set -- foot, margin at the height of its referent, end of chapter -- is decided by the visual grammar, not by the note."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:makeUpMode a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "make-up mode"@en,
        "mode de mise en pages"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.7, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Tests: inserting text moves everything downstream (derived) or reflows one story in fixed frames (authored); overset text is possible only where pages are authored; an authored page is an object that can be selected or left empty; a placed object is anchored in the text (derived) or on the page (authored). In the material row make-up is always through reading (:madeUpFrom ⊑ :producedThroughReading); in the digital row it is mechanical where pages are derived. :formFixedAt follows from the mode: authored pages carry decisions no algorithm recomputes, so they must be stored."@en ;
    rdfs:domain fabio:DigitalItem ;
    rdfs:range :MakeUpMode ;
    skos:definition "Whether the pages of the document, as edited, are derived from the text stream by an algorithm (Word, Google Docs, LaTeX) or authored as objects into which the text is poured (InDesign, QuarkXPress, Scribus, Affinity). A property of the working document, by its default: both families borrow from each other (text boxes fixed on the page; automatic addition of pages)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:producedThroughReading a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "produced through reading from"@en,
        "produit par lecture à partir de"@fr ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :producedFrom ;
    skos:definition "A human transition: the earlier state is presented, perceived, read and understood, and the next produced from that understanding (copy-editing, composition by hand or at a keyboard, make-up, imposition, narration). The direct link is a SUMMARY of a path through the observable and the linguistic book, as :realizesGrapheme summarizes scoped realizations; the reading event behind the step may be recorded with prov:wasInformedBy."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:AppearanceTiming a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "appearance timing"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, pp. 5–6 (the temporal question), pp. 174–175 (preface timing)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Genette's temporal question ('when?'): when a paratext element appears relative to the text's publication — not where it sits in the volume (that is :appearsOn, the spatial 'where?'). Applies to any :ParatextElement, not only prefaces. The unmarked case is :OriginalAppearance."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:AudioCarrier a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "audio carrier"@en,
        "support sonore"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Rubery 2016, chs. 1–2; LIBRORUM.xlsx (sounding facet)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Second carrier (after :Khipu) whose inscription bears no graphemes; the first whose legibility is machine-mediated by design."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalBook ;
    skos:definition "A physical carrier whose inscription is recorded sound rather than visible signs; the material host of the sounding book. Its legibility is apparatus-conditional by design (:ApparatusMediatedPlayback)."@en ;
    :affords :ApparatusMediatedPlayback,
        :Portability,
        :SequentialAccess ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:BasicShapeAdmission a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "basic-shape admission"@en,
        "admission d'une forme de base"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.13, after Haralambous); Rezec 2009; Neef 2015 (solution space)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Reified so that an admission can carry its period, its condition and its source (prov:wasAttributedTo: a grammar, a type history, a corpus; prov:wasGeneratedBy a :Decree in the rare cases where a basic shape is decreed, as by the German Normalschrifterlass of 1941). Usage, not decree, is the normal source: this is a descriptive norm, beside the prescriptive :Orthography."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Entity ;
    skos:definition "The fact that a writing system admits a basic shape for one of its graphemes, over a period and possibly under a condition: the unit of the graphetic solution space of a grapheme, as the spelling is the unit of Neef's graphematic solution space of a word. The writing system is the grapheme's (:inWritingSystem). The Serbian basic shapes of <б>, <г>, <д>, <п>, <т> are admitted by the Serbian writing system and not by the Russian one; |κ| and |ϰ| are both admitted for Greek <κ>; |ſ| was admitted for English <s> in non-final position until about 1800."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:BlockRole a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "block role"@en,
        "rôle du bloc"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "A role on the correspondence, not a class of block: it is the reader's judgement (block paragraphs without indentation read either way; a reader opening mid-chapter infers continuation), and another reading, or a layout-analysis process, may judge differently (v0.5.9)."@en ;
    skos:definition "The part a visual text block plays in the paragraph a reader takes it to realize. CLOSED vocabulary: :InitialBlock, :MedialBlock, :FinalBlock, :WholeParagraphBlock."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:CodeKind a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "kind of code"@en ;
    skos:definition "CLOSED vocabulary: :ProgramSource, :DeclarativeMarkup, :SerializedStructure, :BinaryInstructionStream."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:DidascalicScope a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "didascalic scope"@en,
        "portée d'une didascalie"@fr ;
    skos:definition "The stretch a didascalia directs: either a contiguous span between two locations (:scopeFrom, :scopeTo), or a set of units of any levels (:scopeMember: a word form together with some graphemes, which may cut inside a word form), in the linear order of the text or in an order of their own, total or partial (:ScopePrecedence)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:DirectionalRun a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "directional run"@en,
        "plage directionnelle"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm, UAX #9; Haralambous & Dürst 2019, §4.4." ;
    skos:definition "A maximal contiguous span of text at one bidi embedding level, with one resolved base direction; runs nest to form the embedding tree the bidi algorithm resolves."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:EncodedDivision a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded division"@en,
        "division encodée"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.8)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :DigitalBookByContents ] ;
    skos:definition "A division as delimited in the encoded text: a markup element (TEI or HTML div, section) or a sectioning command (LaTeX \\section). The encoded counterpart of :Division."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Galley a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "galley"@en,
        "galée"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :FormFixedToLines ;
            owl:onProperty :formFixedAt ],
        :MaterialBookByForm ;
    skos:definition "The tray on which composed lines stand before make-up: form fixed down to lines, not yet in pages. Remediated by TeX's list of lines before the output routine, and by a layout file whose lines are composed but not yet paginated."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:GenerationProcess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "generation process"@en,
        "processus de génération"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.3), absorbing the publisher memorandum's Part I; cf. :OCRProcess (facet 3)." ;
    rdfs:comment "The 'human + AI mixed creation' of industry discourse is, ontologically, nothing but a prov chain alternating :GenerationProcess and human authorial/editorial activities. The labeling debate lacks a vocabulary; this module supplies one."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ;
    skos:definition "An activity in which a language model produces or transforms text that enters a book's content; the generative counterpart of :OCRProcess — both are provenance-bearing activities whose traces matter to the identity of the digital item."@en ;
    :region "Generated book" .

:GraphemeMapping a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "grapheme mapping"@en,
        "correspondance de graphèmes"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Haralambous 2026 (the script typology: visual equivalence, closeness, distinctness, transcription, keyboard)." ;
    skos:definition "A reified, typed relation between two graphemes, typically of different writing systems: how they relate visually (equivalent, close, distinct) or by convention (transcription, keyboard)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Hyphenation a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "hyphenation (claim)"@en,
        "coupure (assertion)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "A claim generated by a :MachineHyphenation is what the typesetting process uses; a claim of the norm (not machine-generated) is what :HyphenationLocationShape checks against."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Entity ;
    skos:definition "A claim, attributed to a source, that a word form has given hyphenation points in a given variety: a dictionary entry, an orthography's rules applied to the word, an author's or editor's exception, or the output of a machine hyphenation (Liang's patterns). The written counterpart of :Pronunciation, and dependent on it where hyphenation follows pronunciation (English pres-ent, noun, and pre-sent, verb)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:HyphenationPoint a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "hyphenation point"@en,
        "point de coupure"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :Location ;
    skos:definition "A location inside a word form, between two of its graphemes, where the word may be broken at the end of a line in a given variety. Not resident in the word form: supplied by a claim (:Hyphenation). Two claims about the same word form name the same point by its offset."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:HyphenationRegime a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "hyphenation regime"@en,
        "régime de coupure"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.14, after Haralambous); Amtliche Regelung der deutschen Rechtschreibung, part E (Worttrennung)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :JudgementBasis ;
    skos:definition "The rules by which the word forms of a variety are hyphenated over a period: by morphemes, by syllables, by pronunciation or by etymology, with minimal fragment lengths where the norm sets them, and with the alterations of spelling at the break where the writing system has them (:breakAlteration). Decreed as part of an orthography (:partOfOrthography; prov:wasGeneratedBy a :Decree), or described by a dictionary or a house style."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ItemPersonalization a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "item personalization"@en,
        "personnalisation d'exemplaire"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 35; Dane 2012 via Borsuk 2018, ch. 2." ;
    skos:definition "Modification adhering to the book copy rather than to the book: personal binding, handwritten inscription, bookplate (ex-libris), handwritten marginal notes. Encodes Dane's book / book-copy distinction: 'part of the copy without being part of the book'."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:KerningPair a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "kerning pair"@en,
        "paire de crénage"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.13: in an OpenType font, what a GPOS pair-adjustment lookup (type 2) produces under a language system (:Lookup); kept as the font-design fact it expresses."@en ;
    skos:definition "An ordered pair of glyphs with a horizontal and/or vertical adjustment between them; a property of the font's design, not of any placement."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:LanguageSystem a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "language system (OpenType)"@en,
        "système linguistique (OpenType)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.13, after Haralambous); OpenType specification, ScriptList and LangSys tables; Haralambous 2007, Fonts & Encodings." ;
    skos:definition "A font-resident record of an OpenType font: a pair of a script tag and a language-system tag (dflt included), under which the font's GSUB and GPOS features are selected. The vocabulary is the font's, not BCP 47: a shaping engine maps the language of the text (sr) to a language-system tag (SRB ), and the mapping is not one-to-one (many languages have no tag and are shaped under dflt; Serbian Cyrillic and Serbian Latin share SRB under two script tags). A font's language system implements part of a writing system's solution space of basic shapes: the locl feature of SRB substitutes glyphs that draw the Serbian basic shapes."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:LetterCase a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "letter case"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:MachineInterpretation a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "machine interpretation"@en,
        "interprétation machine"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.9); PROV-O 2013 (SoftwareAgent, wasInformedBy)." ;
    rdfs:comment "The agent is recorded with prov:wasAssociatedWith (a prov:SoftwareAgent), not :hasReader, whose domain is the human reading event. A human reading assisted by a machine (a screen reader, live OCR, a correction pass over an HTR transcription) is two acts, the human one prov:wasInformedBy the machine one, each with its own correspondences (v0.5.9, generalizing v0.5.3)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :InterpretiveAct ;
    skos:definition "An algorithmic or mechanical process that assigns interpretations to marks or text. It perceives nothing: its input lies in the digital corners (:machineInput), bytes or pixels, never the observable book. Its interpretations are graded (scores over candidates) and fallible, like a human reader's. Kinds: :MachineReadingEvent (a language model, across strata) and :RecognitionProcess (OCR, HTR, layout analysis, one stratum at a time)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Matrix a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "matrix"@en,
        "matrice"@fr ;
    skos:definition "The mould, struck from a punch, from which sorts of one glyph are cast."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:OrderingRegime a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "ordering regime"@en,
        "régime d'ordonnancement"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 3; Carrión 1975 (a book = a sequence of spaces and of moments)." ;
    skos:definition "The mode in which a book's content units are sequenced: fixed by the item, branching by authored choice structure, or instantiated only by a reader's manipulation."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:OrthographemeApplication a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "orthographeme application"@en ;
    skos:definition "The normative function relative to which a unit is decreed elementary. Open list; the inventories per application are independent and may diverge."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:ParatextAddressee a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "paratext addressee"@en,
        "destinataire du paratexte"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997; Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 (devices that helped printers and binders before devices that helped readers)." ;
    skos:definition "The party for whom a paratext element is primarily functional; extends Genette's sender/addressee analysis with the production worker, underplayed in his reader-oriented account."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:ParatextElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "paratext element"@en,
        "élément de paratexte"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997; librorum.nw (GENETTE notes)." ;
    skos:definition "An element accompanying the text and presenting it; for each element one asks: where? when? how? from whom? to whom? to do what? (Genette's six questions). livre = texte + paratexte."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:PixelBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "pixel book (screen rendering)"@en,
        "livre-pixels"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 35; Borsuk 2018, ch. 4; PROV-O 2013." ;
    rdfs:comment "Merged: LIBRORUM :PixelBook (hcio) ≡ Borsuk-module ScreenRendering (prov). Two renderings of the same reflowable item may differ in pagination."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Entity,
        hcio:User_Observable_State ;
    skos:definition "The concrete, time-bound visual state — the specific pixels — presented on a display during a reading event, generated from a digital item by a rendering interface under particular settings (font size, orientation, illumination). Token-level, unlike CIDOC E36 Visual Item, which names the prototype."@en ;
    :region "Φ" ;
    :remediates :PaperBook .

:Portability a :Affordance ;
    rdfs:label "portability"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, Preface and ch. 1 (criterial for Kilgour and Vogler)." ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:PresentationFeature a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "presentation feature"@en,
        "trait de présentation"@fr ;
    skos:definition "A relational, value-free property of a kind of unit in one modality. OPEN vocabulary, by modality."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ReaderAddressee a :ParatextAddressee ;
    rdfs:label "reader"@en,
        "lecteur"@fr ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:Reference a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "reference"@en,
        "renvoi"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "The reference exists before layout (\\pageref, \\ref are in the source); only its value waits for it. Cataphoric references are why LaTeX needs two passes; before computer typesetting, manuscripts wrote 'see p. 00' and the value was filled in at proof -- the same cataphora, resolved by hand."@en ;
    skos:definition "A stretch of the linguistic book that points to a referent -- a :Location, or a unit of any extent up to the whole book -- and whose value is a function of it: 'see p. 42', 'section 5', 'section \"Carrión and the book\"', 'pp. 41-43', the number printed on each page. As with anaphora, the reference type selects which feature of the referent is rendered, and the rendered value must agree with the referent as laid out (:ReferenceAgreementShape). Anaphoric or cataphoric follows from the order of reference and referent and is derived, not asserted. A reference may stand in the text or in the peritext."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ReferenceType a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "reference type"@en,
        "type de renvoi"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Which feature of the referent a reference renders, as a pronoun's type selects the features it agrees in. CLOSED vocabulary: :ByPage, :ByPageRange, :ByNumber, :ByTitle. Some types are undefined for some referents (:ReferenceTypeShape)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Sentence a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "sentence"@en,
        "phrase"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.8)." ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.8: also part of a list entry, a list label, a table cell or a caption, which often hold a single minor (verbless) sentence ('Milk.', 'Fig. 3. The press at Mainz', a number in a cell), so that every word form still belongs to a sentence."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
                    owl:unionOf ( :Paragraph :ListEntry :ListLabel :TableCell :Caption :Strophe :Division ) ] ] ;
    skos:definition "A sentence of the linguistic book: the unit between the paragraph (of which it is part) and the word forms and morphemes it contains. Its syntax is left to the hara core; its grammaticality is recorded as a :LinguisticJudgement (v0.6.5), never stated by the ontology."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:SpeechSegment a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "speech segment"@en,
        "segment de parole"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :DigitalBookBySound ] ;
    skos:definition "A stretch of the audio placed at a time offset (:segmentStart, :segmentEnd, in seconds): the myph of sound."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:StandardisationType a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "standardisation type"@en ;
    skos:definition "How a writing system's orthography came to be (M&D 2022, §5.1)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:TextFrame a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "text frame"@en,
        "bloc de texte (cadre)"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.7)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :TypesetPage ] ;
    skos:definition "A region of a page, placed by a person, into which a story flows; threaded to the next frame of the same story (:threadsTo). An object of authored pages: it exists before and independently of the text it holds. Its typeset blocks are the lines it received."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:TypesettingProcess a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "typesetting process"@en,
        "processus de composition"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Cataphoric references (to a location not yet placed) are resolved only on a second pass, hence LaTeX's two runs (:passCount). For a reflowable book the process runs on the reader's device at display time and its output goes straight to a :PixelBook, with no stored digital-form book; the concrete grammar (CSS) is then applied per rendering, as pagination is computed per rendering."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Activity ;
    skos:definition "The activity in which an engine (TeX and its descendants, a browser's layout engine, an XSL-FO formatter) applies a concrete visual grammar and fonts to an encoded text and produces a digital-form book: it breaks lines and pages, places each block, anchor and myph, increments the counters and resolves references. Here the notion of 'footnote' is spent: the output knows blocks, lines and myphs, not notes."@en ;
    :region "C_form" ;
    :remediates :CompositionProcess,
        :MakeUpProcess .

:VisualCover a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual cover"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualBook ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualDustJacket a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual dust jacket"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualBook ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:VisualGrammarRule a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual grammar rule"@en,
        "règle de grammaire visuelle"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PresentationGrammarRule ;
    skos:definition "One rule of an abstract visual grammar: for one kind of unit (:appliesTo), the relational visual features that set it apart (:prescribesFeature)."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:codeKind a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "kind of code"@en,
        "nature du code"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.2, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:domain fabio:DigitalItem ;
    rdfs:range :CodeKind ;
    skos:definition "What a code reader meets when looking inside a file: program source, declarative markup, serialized structure, or a binary instruction stream."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:hasMember a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has member"@en,
        "a pour membre"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, chs. 1 and 3; Ciccarese & Peroni 2014 (Collections Ontology)." ;
    rdfs:comment "skos:closeMatch to co:element of the Collections Ontology (Ciccarese & Peroni 2014, Semantic Web 5(6):515–529; http://purl.org/co/) — the OWL 2 DL-clean membership property SPAR recommends for use alongside FaBiO, which this ontology already imports. Close, not exact: co:element is membership in a set / bag / list, whereas :hasMember additionally implies discrete PHYSICAL componency (a quire's leaves, a polyptych's panels). For the strictly mereological (part-of-a-whole) reading, dcterms:hasPart is the alternative match."@en ;
    skos:closeMatch co:element ;
    skos:definition "Relates a composite carrier (polyptych, quire, book block, boxed book) to a discrete physical component it gathers."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:BasicShape a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "basic shape"@en,
        "forme de base"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Rezec 2009 (Grundform / basic shape); Haralambous & Dürst 2019, §2.1 (|a|/|ɑ| for <a>, |π|/|ϖ| for <π>)." ;
    skos:definition "A cluster of graphs representing, within a writing system, one grapheme (Rezec 2009): an abstract letterform between the concrete :Graph and the emic :Grapheme. Basic shapes cut across scripts and writing systems (the round O of Latin, Greek and Cyrillic; the dotless i of French and Turkish), and the SAME basic shape may realize DIFFERENT graphemes in different writing systems, which is why the level is irreducible."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Book a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Buch"@de,
        "βιβλίο"@el,
        "book"@en,
        "livre"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 16; Genette 1997 (livre = texte + paratexte)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf fabio:Expression ;
    skos:closeMatch obo:BFO_0000031,
        wd:Q571 ;
    skos:definition "The linguistic contents of a book together with its peritext."@en ;
    :region "Ontology metadata" .

:CharacterString a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "character string"@en,
        "chaîne de caractères"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.8)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :EncodedParagraph ] ;
    skos:definition "A sequence of Unicode characters in the encoded text, e.g. the encoding of a sentence. Its sequence is recorded as a literal (:stringValue); the character types occurring in it by :containsCharacter."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:CodexBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Kodex"@de,
        "codex"@en,
        "codex"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 and Glossary; Roberts & Skeat 1983." ;
    rdfs:comment "All pagination/parity/opening axioms are axioms of THIS class (conventions facet), not of :PhysicalBook."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PhysicalBook ;
    skos:definition "A book of stacked leaves gathered in quires (or as single sheets) bound along one edge, typically in covers; emerged c. 150 CE from Roman parchment notebooks and wax-tablet polyptychs."@en ;
    :affords :Annotatability,
        :OneHandedUse,
        :Portability,
        :RandomAccess,
        :SequentialAccess,
        :TwoSidedInscription ;
    :region "Carriers" ;
    :remediates :Scroll .

:DesignAxis a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "design axis"@en,
        "axe de fonte variable"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.4.x); OpenType Font Variations; Haralambous 2019 (point 7)." ;
    skos:definition "One axis of a variable font's design space (OpenType axis: wght, wdth, opsz, slnt, ital, or a custom tag); the glyph is a family parameterized over the product of its axes."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:DivisionHeader a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "division title"@en,
        "titre de division"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 87; Genette 1997, pp. 294ff.; editorial (v0.6.6)." ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.6 (after Haralambous): part of its division (was: part of the book), equivalent to :Intertitle, which merged two classes for one thing; :Subhead is a lower-level division title. Being equivalent to :Intertitle, it is also a peritext element in Genette's sense; both sit in the linguistic book."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :Division ] ;
    owl:equivalentClass :Intertitle ;
    skos:definition "The title of a division (part, chapter, section), a linguistic unit of the linguistic book and part of the division it titles: it is read, quoted by :ByTitle references (:hasTitleString), and voiced in a sounding book. Genette's intertitle (:Intertitle, equivalent). Its POSITION in the linear order of the text is linguistic, not typographic: the title and its division are in sequence like graphemes, words and sentences, and no visual grammar reorders that sequence; a title after the division's content (:TerminalTitle, Debussy's Préludes, the end-titles of ancient rolls) is one the author wants read last. What the visual grammar decides is only how the title looks and, for elements more loosely connected than the linear order (notes, running heads), where they are placed."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:GlyphShape a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "glyph shape"@en,
        "forme de glyphe"@fr ;
    skos:definition "The mathematical shape of a glyph: either a vector shape (Bézier surfaces, degree 2 or 3) or a raster shape (a matrix of pixel tuples); may decompose into subshapes."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:Graph a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "graph"@en,
        "graphe"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.4); grapheme/graph modeled on the phoneme/phone (emic/etic) distinction." ;
    rdfs:comment "Medium-neutral; :VisualGraph is its visual subclass, leaving room for tactile (Braille) graphs. Its individuation is itself act-relative (where one mark ends and the next begins), so correspondences from graphs are encounter-resident: see :Realization (and, for machines, :GlyphIdentification), scoped by :correspondenceWithin. A mark printed or displayed from a myph is linked to it by the resident :Materialization. Widened in v0.5.3 so that machine realizations have a source node."@en ;
    skos:definition "The elementary unit of the perception (observable) layer: a concrete written mark (ink on paper, pixels on a screen) individuated as a unit of writing in an interpretive act -- perceived by a human reader, or segmented from an image by a machine. The etic counterpart of the emic :Grapheme, exactly as a phone is to a phoneme."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:GraphemeMappingType a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "grapheme mapping type"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Two orthogonal sub-dimensions: VISUAL (equivalent / close / distinct — grounded in the :BasicShape level: shared shape, :visuallyCloseTo, or neither) and CONVENTIONAL MAPPING (transcription / keyboard); a pair may carry one of each."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:GraphemeStatus a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "grapheme status"@en ;
    dcterms:source "Haralambous 2024, ch. 3 (graphemics; the minimal-pair criterion); Kettaneh 2024 (asemic writing); Gaze 2011 (writing without language)." ;
    skos:definition "The relation of a book's observable graph layer to the grapheme layer, fixed by whether the minimal-pair test (substitution changing a morpheme's meaning) is runnable, in principle applicable but not yet runnable, in principle inapplicable, or displaced by a non-linguistic sign system."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:PresentationGrammarRule a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "presentation grammar rule"@en ;
    skos:definition "One rule of an abstract presentation grammar: for one kind of unit (:appliesTo), the relational features that set it apart (:prescribesFeature)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Script_Latn a :UnicodeScript ;
    rdfs:label "Latn — Latin"@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:SoundingBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "sounding book"@en,
        "livre sonore"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 42; Borsuk 2018, ch. 4 (Talking Books)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :ObservableState ;
    skos:definition "A book as aurally observable: the time-bound sound state perceived during audition of an audiobook or a read-aloud performance."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Table a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "table"@en,
        "tableau"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "CMOS 17, ch. 3 (illustrations and tables); editorial (v0.6.8, v0.6.9, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Linguistic, but locally (after Haralambous): no reader takes in a whole table at once, as no reader holds a whole book in mind. What sets a table apart from running text is not locality but the number of its orders. Which order is drawn across the page is the visual grammar's: a table can be transposed without becoming another table. Within the book, a table projects the order a dictionary projects for the whole: it is consulted, not read through (:ConsultativeReading). v0.6.9: directly under :AnnotatingElement (was under :DisplayItem)."@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso :ConsultativeReading ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty :annotates ;
            owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
                    owl:unionOf ( :Location :LinguisticUnit ) ] ],
        :AnnotatingElement,
        :PeritextElement ;
    skos:definition "An annotating element always attached to a scope (:annotates), placed with respect to it by the abstract visual grammar like an illustration (:ScopePlacement), whose body is a set of cells (:TableCell), each a linguistic unit, ordered by several partial orders at once: the cells of one row by their column, the cells of one column by their row, the cells under a head by the head (:heads), row and column groups. No single linear order runs through it: a reader takes a path (along a row, down a column, from a head to a value), and a sounding book must linearize it. Recursive: a cell may hold a list or a table. Its rows are break points, so it may run over as many pages as it needs (:BreakableAcrossPages), its header (:TableHeader) repeated on each page (:RepeatedOnEachPage) to restore the column order to the reader who arrives there. It has a caption (:hasCaption) and is usually numbered ('Table 2': :ByNumber)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:formatDocumentation a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "format documentation"@en,
        "documentation du format"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.7, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:domain fabio:DigitalItem ;
    rdfs:range :FormatDocumentation ;
    skos:definition "Whether the format of the file is described publicly, so that any program can read it. Independent of :makeUpMode: the binary .doc was undocumented until 2008; Scribus authors its pages in documented XML; Apple's Pages is undocumented in both of its modes."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:BodyPart a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "text / body matter"@en,
        "corps du texte"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 81; CMOS 17, §§1.3–1.4." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :Book ] ;
    :region "Λ" .

:CollationElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "collation element"@en ;
    dcterms:source "UTS #10 §3 (collation elements, contractions, expansions)." ;
    skos:definition "A unit a regime sorts (a UTS #10 collation element): the collation orthographeme in that regime. Maps to grapheme(s) one-to-one, by CONTRACTION (several graphemes -> one element), or by EXPANSION (one grapheme -> several elements)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:Correspondence a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "correspondence"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The between-corners counterpart of the within-corner rules of the conventions facet: rules constrain a corner, correspondences cross between them. Density is emergent from a small closed set of types, never a goal. Extends the graph-of-text lineage (GODDAG, LMNL, TAG) beyond the markup/content plane: those graph the content plane to handle overlap; this layer graphs ACROSS corners (form, content, perception), enabling path-shapes in which form-correctness is a predicate over content."@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso <https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol19.Dekker01> ;
    skos:definition "A reified, typed edge between elements of two or more facets/corners; used when the edge is many-to-many or carries its own type/metadata (ligature decomposition, hyphenation split, event-scoped realization)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:EncodedLocation a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded location"@en,
        "emplacement encodé"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :DigitalBookByContents ] ;
    skos:definition "A non-textual leaf of the encoded tree, contributing no character to the text: a LaTeX \\label, a TEI <anchor/>, an empty HTML element with an id. Encodes a :Location, or stands in for a unit (:standsForUnit)."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:EncodedParagraph a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded paragraph"@en,
        "paragraphe encodé"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.8)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :EncodedDivision ] ;
    skos:definition "A paragraph as delimited in the encoded text (a p element, a blank line in LaTeX or plain text): a sequence of character strings, typically one per sentence. The encoded counterpart of :Paragraph."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:ExpectedReadingOrder a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "expected reading order"@en,
        "ordre de lecture attendu"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997 (reading itineraries); Aarseth 1997 (Cybertext: ergodic traversal); Carrión 1975 (a sequence of moments)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Its paratextual expression (a 'how to use this book' note, a chapter-dependency diagram, a reading itinerary, a graded table of contents) is a :ReadingItinerary peritext."@en ;
    skos:definition "The reading order a book projects for its reader -- normative and author/genre-given, as opposed to the physical :OrderingRegime and to the per-event :realizedSequence. A realized sequence may conform to it or deviate from it."@en ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:FormFixation a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "form fixation"@en,
        "degré de fixation de la forme"@fr ;
    skos:definition "CLOSED, ordered vocabulary (:fixationRank): :FormFixedToMarks (5), :FormFixedToLines (4), :FormFixedToBlocks (3), :FormFixedToPageGeometry (2), :FormNotFixed (1)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:FormFixedToMarks a :FormFixation ;
    rdfs:label "fixed down to every mark"@en,
        "fixée jusqu'à chaque marque"@fr ;
    skos:definition "Every mark is placed: each myph (PDF, PostScript, DVI) or each pixel (a scan, a multipage TIFF)."@en ;
    :fixationRank 5 ;
    :region "C_form" .

:Judgement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "judgement"@en,
        "jugement"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.10, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf prov:Entity ;
    skos:definition "A statement, attributed to a source, that something has or lacks a property whose expectation cannot be stated in full, so that it is judged and not checked. Two kinds: linguistic judgements on units of the linguistic book, and didascalic judgements on renditions (v0.6.10)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:MadeUpPage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "made-up page"@en,
        "page mise en pages"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue :FormFixedToMarks ;
            owl:onProperty :formFixedAt ],
        :MaterialBookByForm ;
    skos:definition "Lines cut from the galley into a page, with notes set at the foot, running heads and folio in place, page references filled in: the manual counterpart of the typeset page."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:MaterialBookByContents a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "material book by contents"@en,
        "livre matériel de contenu"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf fabio:Item ;
    skos:definition "A physical object that carries a book's text from author to producer, where what counts is the words and not their look: the author's copy, the marked copy, the narrator's reading copy, a Monotype ribbon. The pre-digital counterpart of the digital-content book, which remediates it. It encodes the linguistic book (:encodes), with no linguistic units of its own."@en ;
    :region "M_cont" .

:NotePlacement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "note placement"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.5.14: a note's placement is a feature the visual grammar assigns to notes (a :VisualGrammarRule on :NoteElement prescribes :FootNote, :MarginNote...), not a property of the note in the linguistic book: the same note moves from foot to end of chapter between editions. What the note keeps is its referent (:annotates)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :VisualFeature ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:ObservableState a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "observable state"@en,
        "état observable"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.6); HCIO (Costa et al. 2022)." ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.6.6 (after Haralambous): introduced so that the state of a physical book being read is not forced under a computing state. hcio:User_Observable_State ⊑ :ObservableState; :PixelBook alone stays under the HCIO class. HCIO IRIs to verify against HCIO.owl (the monograph writes hcio:UserObservableState)."@en ;
    skos:definition "A time-bound state of a carrier as it reaches a reader's senses: an opening of a codex under a given light, the pixels of a screen, the sound of a record being played. Generalizes HCIO's user observable state, which is restricted to the states of computer systems."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Paper a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Papier"@de,
        "χαρτί"@el,
        "paper"@en,
        "papier"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 18; Borsuk 2018, ch. 1." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :MaterialSupport ;
    owl:equivalentClass fabio:Paper ;
    skos:definition "A writing support of matted, interlocking plant (or rag) fibers lifted from a water slurry on a screen; attributed to Cai Lun (105 CE)."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:ScopeKind a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "kind of scope"@en,
        "type de portée"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.9, after Haralambous)." ;
    skos:definition "What an annotating element is attached to, as far as its placement is concerned. CLOSED vocabulary: :LocationBetweenParagraphs, :LocationInParagraph (both narrower than :LocationScope), :ParagraphScope, :DivisionScope, :BookScope. The kind of a location follows from its neighbours (:afterUnit, :beforeUnit): paragraphs or larger units on both sides, or units of one paragraph."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:TypesetPage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "typeset page"@en,
        "page composée"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.8)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :DigitalBookByForm ] ;
    skos:definition "A page of a page-description document (a PDF, PostScript or DVI page): fixed layout, inside the computer. Printed or displayed, it becomes a physical or visual page."@en ;
    :region "C_form" ;
    :remediates :MadeUpPage .

:WordForm a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "word form"@en,
        "forme de mot"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.6)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Interface class (see hara core). Part of a sentence (v0.5.11); its morphemes via :hasMorpheme. Definition by segmentation added in v0.6.6 (after Haralambous), replacing 'a sequence of morphemes some lexicographer has claimed being a word'."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
                    owl:unionOf ( :Sentence :VerseLine :Division ) ] ] ;
    skos:definition "A word as it occurs in the book (chantais, not the lexeme CHANTER): a segment of a sentence delimited by the word segmentation of its writing system (in French, spaces and punctuation, with the known hard cases l'homme, aujourd'hui), consisting of morphemes and possibly word-internal punctuation. Where the writing system does not separate words (Chinese, Japanese, Thai, scriptio continua) the segmentation is an analysis received from a segmenter, as morpheme segmentation is. Being a word of the language is NOT part of the definition: it is a :Lexicality judgement, so that a nonce word (slithy) is a word form judged non-lexical."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:AbstractPresentationGrammar a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "abstract presentation grammar"@en,
        "grammaire de présentation abstraite"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.11, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Named 'presentation' grammar rather than bare 'grammar' because the grammar of the language is already a judged property of the linguistic book (:Grammaticality)."@en ;
    skos:definition "The relational, value-free rules in force for one book stating how each kind of unit is set apart when the book is presented to a sense. Kinds: visual, sounding, tactile. 'Different speaker for the dialogue' (sounding), 'smaller than the main text' (visual), 'emphasis marked by an indicator' (tactile)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:BindingMethod a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "binding method"@en,
        "méthode de reliure"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, chs. 1–2." ;
    skos:definition "A technique for holding a book block together and (optionally) attaching it to covers; a property of the physical book, not of the text."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:ConcretePresentationGrammar a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "concrete presentation grammar"@en,
        "grammaire de présentation concrète"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.11, after Haralambous)." ;
    skos:definition "The effective values of one rendition in one modality: sizes and fonts, voices and rates, cells per line and lines per page."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:ConcreteSetting a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "concrete setting"@en,
        "réglage concret"@fr ;
    skos:definition "The values a concrete grammar assigns to one kind of unit (:settingFor: the same punned class the abstract rule applies to)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:EncodedPeritextElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "encoded peritext element"@en,
        "élément de péritexte encodé"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :DigitalBookByContents ] ;
    skos:definition "A peritext element as delimited and LABELLED in the encoded text: TEI <note place=\"foot\">, <fw type=\"header\">, LaTeX \\footnote, \\marginpar, \\markboth, HTML <aside>. The label (:markupName) is all the encoded text knows of the element's nature; its look is left to the visual grammars. Encodes a :PeritextElement."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" ;
    :remediates :CopyMark .

:Font a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "font"@en,
        "fonte"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 2 and Glossary, s.v. 'Font', 'Sorts'." ;
    skos:definition "A concrete embodiment of a typeface: historically a cast collection of metal sorts, today a digital file; the term 'font' was adopted by digital media for the purchasable product."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:ObfuscationType a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "obfuscation type"@en,
        "type d'obfuscation"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Haralambous, hara.tex, §Obfuscation (the obfuscation trie)." ;
    skos:definition "A kind of graphetic method by which a text's information is hidden from, or made effortful for, the reader. The hara.tex trie: a passage is by default unobfuscated; where obfuscated, the concealment is unrecoverable or recoverable, and recoverable concealment is algorithmic (deterministic or nondeterministic) or symbolic. The leaves plus :NoObfuscation are the assignable values; :RecoverableObfuscation and :AlgorithmicObfuscation are grouping nodes (skos:broader)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:PagePosition a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "page position"@en ;
    skos:definition "A located position within a page's coordinate system: the origin of a myph sequence, the derived or recorded position of a myph, the position of a placed image or of a typeset anchor."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:PaperType a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Papiertyp"@de,
        "τύπος χαρτιοῦ"@el,
        "paper type"@en,
        "type de papier"@fr ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:SoundingFeature a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "sounding feature"@en,
        "trait sonore"@fr ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PresentationFeature ;
    skos:definition "A relational, value-free sounding property of a kind of unit, stated against the main narration. OPEN vocabulary."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:WritingDirection a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "writing direction"@en,
        "sens de l'écriture"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1." ;
    skos:definition "The direction in which lines are written and read; a property of the inscription, not of the language."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:producedMechanically a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "produced mechanically from"@en,
        "produit mécaniquement à partir de"@fr ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf :producedFrom ;
    skos:definition "A transition that involves no reading: casting from a ribbon, printing from a forme, plating, pressing, a typesetting engine's run. A direct, resident production fact."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:AnnotatingElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "annotating element"@en,
        "élément d'annotation"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.6)." ;
    skos:definition "A peritext element that is about a stretch or a point of the text (:annotates) and is optional reading: notes, contents entries, and later index entries. It needs no callout: trade-book endnotes anchored by page and lemma have none, nor do contents entries, gathered like endnotes far from their scope (v0.6.6, after Haralambous)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:JudgedProperty a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "judged linguistic property"@en,
        "propriété linguistique jugée"@fr ;
    skos:definition "A property of linguistic units that the ontology names but whose expectation it cannot state in full, so that it is only ever judged by a source. CLOSED vocabulary, extended only by dated decision: :Lexicality, :OrthographicCorrectness, :MorphotacticWellFormedness, :Grammaticality. Each applies to one kind of unit (:JudgedUnitLevelShape)."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:List a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "list"@en,
        "liste"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "CMOS 17, §§6.123-6.130 (vertical lists); editorial (v0.6.8, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Linguistic, but locally (after Haralambous): a reader takes in some entries and their relations to the others, never the whole list at once -- as no reader holds a whole book in mind. The table of contents, the index, the errata list and the list of characters are lists (v0.6.8)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
                    owl:unionOf ( :Division :BodyPart :Paragraph :PeritextElement :ListEntry :TableCell ) ] ] ;
    skos:definition "A unit of the linguistic book made of entries (:ListEntry, :hasEntry) in an order, each entry a block of its own and usually opened by a label (:ListLabel): a superblock. It stands in the linear order of the text, like a paragraph, and is not placed by the visual grammar; what the grammar decides is the cue that sets the entries apart from one another and the list apart from the text before its first entry and after its last (:EntriesSetApart, :SetOffFromRunningText), and how the label stands (:HangingLabel). Lists nest: an entry may hold a list. Part of a division, of the body, of a paragraph (a run-in list), of a peritext element, of an entry or of a table cell."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Location a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "location"@en,
        "emplacement"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.14, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "The one entity of the linguistic book with no :Realization: no reader perceives it; it is reached only through a reference's value (turn to p. 42) or, on a screen, a link. Its encoded counterpart is an :EncodedLocation, its typeset counterpart a :TypesetAnchor (a PDF named destination: coordinates without ink); the observable corner has none."@en ;
    owl:disjointWith :LinguisticUnit ;
    skos:definition "An immaterial point of the linguistic book, placed between units (:afterUnit, :beforeUnit) at any level -- between two sentences, two word forms, even two graphemes -- without being a unit: it has no content, no extent and no part, and belongs to no unit (no dc:isPartOf). What a reference points to when it names no unit; encoded as a LaTeX \\label or a TEI <anchor/>."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Orthography a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "orthography"@en,
        "orthographe"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Meletis & Dürscheid 2022, ch. 5; Neef 2015 (multimodular theory); Nerius 2007, 2020." ;
    rdfs:comment "Nerius's (2007, 2020) four features: :isExternallyCodified, :isSociallyBinding, :hasVariabilityDegree, :isStatic; the history via :standardisationType. Orthography is the writing system's SURFACE REPRESENTATION: for a regulated system users meet orthographemes and the grapheme layer is reconstructed behind them (M&D 2022, §5.1)."@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso dul:SocialObject ;
    skos:definition "The standardisation and regulation of a writing system: a PRESCRIPTIVE module that licenses, from the graphematic solution space of a unit (typically a word), the form(s) deemed correct. After Neef (2015) an OPTIONAL module — not every writing system has one — distinct from the writing system and from the descriptive graphematics beneath it."@en ;
    :region "Ontology metadata" .

:PhysicalLeaf a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "leaf"@en,
        "feuillet"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw <<physical-book>> (physical-leaf); Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 and Glossary; CMOS 17, §1.5." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onClass :PhysicalPage ;
            owl:onProperty :hasRectoPage ;
            owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onClass :PhysicalPage ;
            owl:onProperty :hasVersoPage ;
            owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] ;
    skos:definition "One of the smaller sheets produced by folding (and ultimately slitting) a sheet; a leaf has exactly two sides, its recto and its verso."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:Affordance a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "affordance"@en,
        "affordance"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1 (explicit definition) and passim; ultimately Gibson 1979." ;
    skos:definition "A possibility for use presented by the physical form of a carrier — what the form invites the reader's body to do with it."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:CorrespondenceType a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "correspondence type"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "CLOSED vocabulary; extend only by dated, warranted addition (the facet's changelog)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:MyphSequence a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "myph sequence"@en,
        "suite de myphes"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.8, renamed v0.5.10)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Renamed from :GlyphSequence (v0.5.8): a sequence of glyphs would be a sequence of font entries, before shaping; the sequence on the page is of myphs (v0.5.10, after Haralambous). The font's kerning pairs (:hasKerningPair, correspondence type :Kerning) are the rule; their application is visible here, in the :xDisplacement of the second myph of a kerned pair (v0.6.12; it was in the :placedAt positions)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :TypesetLine ] ;
    skos:definition "A run of placed myphs on one line, in one font and direction: the output of shaping. The font's glyphs are individual types; applying the font's OpenType tables (GSUB substitutions, GPOS positioning) to a character string under a given script and language yields this sequence of tokens, in which each myph may depend on its neighbours (contextual, localized and ligature forms) and is placed relative to its predecessor. The sequence starts at an origin (:sequenceOrigin) and unfolds: each myph stands where the previous one's advance leaves the pen, moved by its own displacement (kerning, letterspacing, justification), so absolute positions are derivable but need not be computed. What a text-showing operator of the page-description language draws."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:TableCell a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "table cell"@en,
        "cellule"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.8, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :Table ] ;
    skos:definition "A cell of a table: a linguistic unit (often a minor sentence, a number, a word form), possibly holding paragraphs, a list or a table. Its place in two of the table's orders is given by :rowIndex and :columnIndex, possibly spanning several (:rowSpan, :columnSpan): cells sharing a row are ordered by their columns, cells sharing a column by their rows, and other pairs are not ordered by either. The names 'row' and 'column' come from the usual drawing; in the linguistic book they name two orders, not two directions."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:UnicodeScript a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Unicode / ISO 15924 script"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :Script ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:FoldingFormat a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "folding format"@en,
        "format de pliage"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, ch. 1, fig. 3, and Glossary; Genette 1997, p. 17." ;
    skos:definition "A scheme for folding one sheet into a gathering, named for the leaves it yields; determines leaf/page counts and, given sheet size, the book's dimensions. For Genette (p. 17) the format is the publisher's first peritextual message (the in-folio of the humanities vs. the pocket duodecimo)."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:ListEntry a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "list entry"@en,
        "entrée de liste"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.8, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :List ] ;
    skos:definition "One entry of a list: a block of the list's superblock, opened as a rule by its label (:hasLabel), and holding sentences (often minor, verbless sentences: 'Milk.'), paragraphs, or a nested list."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:MaterialSupport a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "materieller Träger"@de,
        "material support"@en,
        "support matériel"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw <<physical-book>>; Borsuk 2018, ch. 1." ;
    skos:definition "A substance or device on/in which the signs of a book are materially borne."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:formFixedAt a owl:FunctionalProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "form fixed at"@en,
        "forme fixée jusqu'au niveau"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.15, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( fabio:DigitalItem :MaterialBookByForm ) ] ;
    rdfs:range :FormFixation ;
    skos:definition "The deepest level down to which a digital item fixes the visual form of the book: every mark, lines, blocks (frames), page geometry only, or nothing. A gradient that replaces the either/or of fixed and reflowable form; a :DigitalBookByForm fixes form at least down to lines (:FormFixationShape)."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:Didascalia a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "didascalia"@en,
        "didascalie"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Ingarden 1931; editorial (v0.6.10, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Ingarden's Nebentext, realized rather than spoken: typesetting is the performance of the book. A didascalia printed in the volume (a preface giving directions, a play's stage directions, Satie's directions in a score) is also a :PeritextElement. Not needed for conventional forms: the conventional set-off of a verse line follows from its kind through the abstract grammar, and a didascalia is written only where the author departs or names a type."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :AnnotatingElement,
        :MetatextElement ;
    skos:definition "An annotating element of the metatext that says, in plain language, what form a stretch of the text should take: precise or fuzzy, mathematical or poetic ('first ray of rain'; 'take some distance and weaken'; 'verse of type A'). In the linguistic book this is all there is of the form, and what the reader's mind captures by interpretation; it becomes formal in C_cont (where the abstract visual grammar interferes) and geometric in C_form. A copy mark that instructs, a style name, a TEI @rendition, a LaTeX macro encode it."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:LinguisticUnit a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "linguistic unit"@en,
        "unité linguistique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.14)." ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( :Book :FrontPart :BodyPart :BackPart :Division :DivisionHeader :Subhead :Paragraph :Sentence :WordForm :Grapheme :PeritextElement :Reference :List :ListEntry :ListLabel :TableCell :TableHeader :Strophe :VerseLine :Hemistich :MetatextElement ) ] ;
    skos:definition "Any unit of the linguistic book's mereology, from the grapheme to the book itself, peritext elements included: the range over which references and annotations point to units of any level."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:MaterialBookByForm a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "material book by form"@en,
        "livre matériel de forme"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6, after Haralambous)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf fabio:Item ;
    skos:definition "A physical object in which the book stands in type or on a master, its words hidden in matter: a galley, a made-up page, a forme; a master disc or tape, a stamper. The pre-digital counterpart of the digital-form book, which remediates it."@en ;
    :region "M_form" .

:ReadingEvent a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "reading event"@en,
        "événement de lecture"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, chs. 3–4; Drucker 2003; Carrión 1975; Knowles 1967." ;
    rdfs:comment "For :ReaderInstantiatedOrder books the realized sequence is a property of the event, not of the item. For gesture-driven digital works (Pry, Strange Rain) the event is constitutive."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :InterpretiveAct ;
    skos:closeMatch obo:BFO_0000015,
        dul:Event ;
    skos:definition "A time-bounded activity in which an agent perceptually and bodily engages an observable book, following some path through part or all of its content. The path need not be end-to-end or in item order: it may touch a single unit (a reader opening the book for one word), revisit a unit many times, or skip and back-track. The book is 'produced new by the activity of each reading' (Drucker), a 'sequence of moments' (Carrión). The path actually followed is recorded by :realizedSequence (§5.9)."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:ScopePlacement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "placement with respect to the scope"@en,
        "placement par rapport à la portée"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.6.8, v0.6.9, after Haralambous); CMOS 17, ch. 3." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :VisualFeature ;
    skos:definition "Where the visual grammar sets an illustration or a table with respect to its scope (:forScope); the counterpart of :NotePlacement. OPEN vocabulary. None of these is a float in LaTeX's sense: a float is one mechanism by which an engine applies some of them."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:VisualPage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual page"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :VisualBook ] ;
    :region "Φ" .

:OnymityRegime a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "onymity regime"@en,
        "régime onymique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 39." ;
    :region "Conventions" .

:PhysicalPage a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Seite"@de,
        "page"@en,
        "page"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "librorum.nw <<physical-book>> (physical-page); Borsuk 2018, ch. 1; Mak 2011." ;
    skos:definition "One side of a leaf; the unit of layout and pagination. From Latin pagina, the scroll column that established the page's 'cognitive architecture' (Mak) long before trimmed sheets."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:DigitalBookByForm a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "digital book by (fixed) form"@en,
        "livre numérique de forme"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 38; Haralambous 2019 (correction: fixed-form formats carry numeric text)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Renamed from :DigitalBookByImage (<= v0.4): the old name, and the old subsumption of PDF/PostScript/DVI, wrongly implied these are mere images. They are page-description formats that DO carry numeric text (copy-and-paste, extraction), if less cleanly than raw text or SVG. Only genuinely bitmap documents are image-only (:ImageOnlyDigitalBook). The French label already said 'de forme'."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf fabio:DigitalItem ;
    skos:definition "A digital item that fixes the book's visual FORM (a frozen page layout), whether it stores that layout as page-description code (PDF, PostScript, DVI) or as raster page images (multipage TIFF, DjVu, a scanned PDF). Fixed form is orthogonal to whether the numeric text is recoverable: see :hasTextRecoverability."@en ;
    :region "C_form" ;
    :remediates :Forme,
        :PrintedCodex .

:UnicodeCharacter a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Unicode character"@en,
        "caractère Unicode"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "Bridge to the graphemics core: a coded abstraction over graphemes; the grapheme/character distinction is treated in the hara ontology."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:Grapheme a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "grapheme"@en,
        "graphème"@fr ;
    rdfs:comment "Interface class; the full graphemics/graphetics core is imported from the elementary grapholinguistic ontology of Haralambous. Aligned there, not redefined here."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Division a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "division"@en,
        "division"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "CMOS 17, §§1.48–1.54." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :BodyPart ] ;
    skos:definition "A structural unit of the text: optional introduction, one or more parts, optional conclusion, optional epilogue/afterword."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

:Myph a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "myph"@en,
        "myphe"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.4); cf. Knuth, METAFONT; the sort/impression relation in :Font's own definition." ;
    rdfs:comment "The instance to the glyph's class (the font holds classes, the document holds instances), as a pulled impression is to a metal sort, and as :Graph is to :Grapheme. The graphetic shapes of the monograph's graphetic module (Part II) quantify over myphs (baseline over the sequence's origin and the myphs' :yDisplacement, mechanical size over :hasFontSize) or over glyphs (font family, optical size). The name is a pun: mathematical + glyph."@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso <https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6395670> ;
    skos:definition "One occurrence, in a document, of a font's glyph: it carries the features of the OCCURRENCE that bear on its shape — mechanical size, colour, axis settings, the linear part of its transform (scaling, slanting, rotation) — and borrows its shape from the glyph it instantiates (:instantiatesGlyph). It normally does not own a shape, but may carry a per-placement generated one (:ownShape), as in André & Borghi's (1990) PostScript Type 3 random fonts. It carries no position of its own: it is placed relative to its predecessor in its myph sequence (:nextMyph, :xDisplacement, :yDisplacement), and its position on the page (:placedAt) is derived, or recorded where the format states it."@en ;
    :region "C_form" ;
    :remediates :Sort .

:Glyph a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "glyph"@en,
        "glyphe"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.4); cf. Knuth, METAFONT (glyph as mathematical outline); Borsuk 2018, Glossary (font = product)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Bridge to the graphemics core via :isGlyphFor; the glyph/grapheme distinction is treated in the hara ontology. The type in the type/token pair whose token is :Myph — the font holds classes, the document holds instances."@en ;
    skos:definition "A font-resident, reusable shape-bearing unit: it owns a mathematical shape (:hasShape), a glyph identifier, its designed optical size, and the font's kerning and ligatures. Distinct from the Unicode sense of 'glyph' (a structureless image): here the glyph carries structure, and :Myph is its placed occurrence in a document."@en ;
    :region "C_form" .

:DigitalBookByContents a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "digital book by contents"@en,
        "livre numérique de contenu"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "LIBRORUM.xlsx row 40; Borsuk 2018, ch. 4 (Project Gutenberg's Plain Vanilla ASCII philosophy)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf fabio:DigitalItem ;
    skos:definition "A digital item encoding the book's linguistic content symbolically (character codes and markup) rather than as an image of a page or a sound signal; 'liquid' text that reflows into the reader's vessel of choice."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" ;
    :remediates :MarkedCopy .

:Language a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "language"@en,
        "langue"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.12, after Haralambous); Hammarström et al., Glottolog (languoids)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Glottolog's 'languoid' is the model: one class for families, languages and dialects, ordered by a single parent relation. A BCP 47 tag may be attached (:languageTag) where one exists (v0.5.12)."@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso <https://glottolog.org/> ;
    skos:definition "A language or language variety, at any level of a hierarchy (:isVarietyOf): a family, a language, a period, a dialect, a register. Greek, Ancient Greek, Koine, Modern Greek, Cypriot Greek are all instances, related by :isVarietyOf. Not a label: the hierarchy is part of the model."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:UnicodeBidiClass a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Unicode bidi class"@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:WritingSystem a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "writing system"@en,
        "système d'écriture"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Meletis & Dürscheid 2022 (script vs. writing system); Haralambous 2026 (proposal 2)." ;
    rdfs:comment "Redefined in v0.5.13 after Haralambous: one writing system per language (variety). The earlier individuals named after scripts (:LatinWS, :GreekWS, :CyrillicWS, :ArabicWS, :HebrewWS, :HanWS) were category errors and are replaced by per-language writing systems."@en ;
    skos:definition "The written modality of a language (:ofLanguage): the French writing system is la modalité écrite du français. Its graphemes are realized by graphs whose shapes belong to one or more scripts (:usesScript): the Russian writing system uses the Cyrillic script, the Serbian the Cyrillic and the Latin, the Japanese hiragana, katakana, kanji and romaji. A script is not a writing system: there is no 'Cyrillic writing system'. Graphemes are writing-system-relative: <a> of the French writing system is not <a> of the German one, even when their graphs are identical; the mark 'Ν' realizes <nu> of the Greek writing system or <n> of the English one, and which is a reading's assignment, not a property of the mark."@en ;
    :region "Φ" .

:PhysicalBook a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "physical book"@en,
        "livre physique"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Borsuk 2018, Preface and ch. 1; Kilgour 1998 (book as portable storehouse of arranged signs); Vogler 2000 (portability as criterial)." ;
    rdfs:comment "OWL 2 punning: carrier-form classes below are also used as individuals in :affords and :remediates assertions."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf fabio:Item ;
    skos:closeMatch obo:BFO_0000040,
        dul:PhysicalObject ;
    skos:definition "A portable material artifact bearing arrangements of signs for storage, retrieval, and dissemination; ranges over the whole historical family of forms, of which the codex is only one."@en ;
    :region "Carriers" .

:VisualFeature a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "visual feature"@en,
        "trait visuel"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Editorial (v0.5.14)." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :PresentationFeature ;
    skos:definition "A relational, value-free visual property of a kind of unit, stated against the main text: relative size, position on the page, alignment, separation, repetition. OPEN vocabulary: the instances below, and the note placements of §5.4 (:NotePlacement ⊑ :VisualFeature)."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:UnicodeGeneralCategory a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Unicode general category"@en ;
    skos:definition "The two-letter code; top groups L letter, M mark, N number, P punctuation, S symbol, Z separator, C other."@en ;
    :region "C_cont" .

:PeritextElement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "peritext element"@en,
        "élément de péritexte"@fr ;
    dcterms:source "Genette 1997, p. 16 (publisher's peritext)." ;
    rdfs:comment "v0.5.14: also a unit of the linguistic book (dc:isPartOf :Book, declared in that chapter). Its class is its nature; its look and place are not its own but the visual grammar's. Everything in the volume that is encoded, typeset, governed by a visual grammar or recognized on a page is peritext; paratext is Genette's umbrella, peritext plus epitext."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty dcterms:isPartOf ;
            owl:someValuesFrom :Book ],
        :ParatextElement ;
    skos:definition "A paratext element materially appended to the text within the same volume."@en ;
    :region "Λ" .

[] a owl:AllDifferent ;
    owl:distinctMembers ( :Lexicality :OrthographicCorrectness :MorphotacticWellFormedness :Grammaticality :MetricalConformity :DidascalicConformity :OrthoepicCorrectness :HyphenationCorrectness ) .

[] a owl:AllDifferent ;
    owl:distinctMembers ( :Prescriptive :Descriptive ) .

[] a owl:AllDifferent ;
    owl:distinctMembers ( :AttestedDidascalia :ReconstructedDidascalia ) .

[] a owl:AllDifferent ;
    owl:distinctMembers ( :ResolvedInProduction :ResolvedPerCopy :ResolvedPerDisplay ) .

[] a owl:AllDifferent ;
    owl:distinctMembers ( :InitialTitle :TerminalTitle ) .

[] a owl:AllDifferent ;
    owl:distinctMembers ( :LocationScope :LocationBetweenParagraphs :LocationInParagraph :ParagraphScope :DivisionScope :BookScope ) .

[] a owl:AllDifferent ;
    owl:distinctMembers ( :ProgramSource :DeclarativeMarkup :SerializedStructure :BinaryInstructionStream ) .

[] a owl:AllDifferent ;
    owl:distinctMembers ( :FormFixedToMarks :FormFixedToLines :FormFixedToBlocks :FormFixedToPageGeometry :FormNotFixed ) .

[] a owl:AllDifferent ;
    owl:distinctMembers ( :DerivedMakeUp :AuthoredMakeUp ) .

[] a owl:AllDifferent ;
    owl:distinctMembers ( :StandardizedFormat :PublishedFormat :UndocumentedFormat ) .

[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
    owl:members ( :Paper :Display :Parchment :Papyrus :Clay :Wax :Silk :BambooSlip :PalmLeaf :Cord ) .

[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
    owl:members ( :CarriedText :ContentFigure :DecorativeFigure ) .

[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
    owl:members ( :RectoPage :VersoPage ) .

[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
    rdfs:comment "A DATED commitment, not a timeless truth (v0.5.3). It holds as long as a human's reading and a machine's processing can be told apart as separate acts; machine-assisted reading is modelled as two coupled acts (prov:wasInformedBy), which the axiom permits. Should human-machine integration (neural implants and the like) produce readings that cannot be so separated, the case resists expression under this vocabulary: the axiom is to be retired and a hybrid kind added by a dated, warranted extension, per the closure policy (complete over the typed vocabulary, silent beyond)."@en ;
    owl:members ( :HumanReadingEvent :MachineInterpretation ) .

[] a owl:AllDifferent ;
    owl:distinctMembers ( :NumberLabel :SymbolLabel :TermLabel ) .